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This report covers: piling, bored piling, small diameter bored piling, driven piling, arge diameter bored piling, earth boring equipment, pile boring equipment, embedded retaining walls, equipment, contractors, cast in-situ, bentonite, pre-cast concrete, steel, diaphragm wall, secant bored pile wall, contiguous bored, shear key joints,
Companies covered include: AMEC, Bachy Soletanche, Skanska Construction, The Expanded Piling Company, Keller, May Gurney, Norwest Holst Soil Engineering, Roger Bullivant, Stent Foundations, Westpile,
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| i | Definitions |
| ii | Abbreviations |
| iii | Exchange Rates |
| iv | Further Research |
| 1 | What Is The Value Of The UK Piling Market? |
| 2 | How Is The UK Piling Market Segmented? |
| 3 | What Is The Value Of The UK Bored Piling Market? |
| 4 | How Is The UK Bored Piling Market Segmented? |
| 5 | What Is The Proportional Importance Of Small Diameter Bored Piling Methods In The UK? |
| 6 | What Is The Proportional Importance Of Large Diameter Bored Piling Methods In The UK? |
| 7 | What Is The Value Of The UK Driven Piling Market? |
| 8 | What Is The Proportional Importance Of Driven Piling Methods In The UK? |
| 9 | What Is The Value Of The UK Embedded Retaining Walls Market? |
| 10 | What Factors Affect Demand For Piling? |
| 11 | How Does The Level Of Construction Activity Affect Demand? |
| 12 | How Is The Housing Market Affecting Demand? |
| 13 | How Is The UK Piling Market Expected To Develop? |
| 14 | What Is The Value Of UK Production Of Earth Boring And Pile Driving Equipment? |
| 15 | What Is The Value Of UK Production Of Earth Boring And Pile Driving Equipment, By Type Of Equipment? |
| 16 | What Is The Value Of The UK Market For General Plant Hire? |
| 17 | What Factors Are Critical For The Success Of UK Piling Contractors? |
| 18 | How Is The Industry Structured? |
| 19 | Company Profile: AMEC |
| 20 | Company Profile: Bachy Soletanche |
| 21 | Company Profile: Skanska Construction UK |
| 22 | Company Profile: The Expanded Piling Company |
| 23 | Company Profile: Keller |
| 24 | Company Profile: May Gurney |
| 25 | Company Profile: Norwest Holst Soil Engineering |
| 26 | Company Profile: Roger Bullivant |
| 27 | Company Profile: Stent Foundations |
| 28 | Company Profile: Westpile |
| 29 | Trade Association Addresses |
| 30 | Magazine Addresses |
| 31 | Company Addresses |
| List Of Figures | |
| 1 | The UK Market For Piling, 1997-2001 |
| 2 | The UK Market For Piling, By Technique, 1997-2001 |
| 3 | The UK Market For Bored Piling, 1997-2001 |
| 4 | The UK Market For Bored Piling, By Technique, 2001 |
| 5 | The UK Market For Small Diameter Bored Piling, By Technique, 2001 |
| 6 | The UK Market For Large Diameter Bored Piling, By Technique, 2001 |
| 7 | The UK Market For Driven Piling, 1997-2001 |
| 8 | The UK Market For Driven Piling, By Technique, 2001 |
| 9 | The UK Market For Embedded Retaining Walls, 1997-2001 |
| 10 | Total Construction Output In Great Britain, By Sector, 1997-2001 |
| 11 | House Building Starts In Great Britain, 1997-2003 |
| 12 | Forecast UK Market For Piling, 2002-2006 |
| 13 | UK Production Of Earth Boring And Pile Driving Equipment, 1996-2000 |
| 14 | UK Production Of Earth Boring And Pile Driving Equipment, By Type Of Equipment , 1996- 2000 |
| 15 | UK Market For General Plant Hire, 1997-2001 |
| 16 | Financial Summary Of AMEC, 1997-2001 |
| 17 | Financial Summary Of Bachy Soletanche, 1996-2000 |
| 18 | Financial Summary Of Skanska Construction UK, 1996-2000 |
| 19 | Financial Summary Of The Expanded Piling Company, 1997-2000 |
| 20 | Financial Summary Of Keller, 1997-2001 |
| 21 | Financial Summary Of May Gurney, 1998-2001 |
| 22 | Financial Summary Of Norwest Holst Soil Engineering, 1996-2000 |
| 23 | Financial Summary Of Roger Bullivant, 1996-2000 |
| 24 | Financial Summary Of Stent Foundations, 1996-2000 |
| 25 | Financial Summary Of Westpile, 1996-2000 |
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| This report examines the UK market for piling. It details the value of the piling market between 1997 and 2001 and provides forecasts for period 2002 to 2006 period. The report segments the piling market by technique and equipment type. |
| For the purpose of this report, piling refers to a specialist foundations technique used in the UK. A specialist foundation is designed for use in soil with particular characteristics or where the building itself needs special provisions. The piling market has been segmented into the following three broad categories: |
| bored piling |
| driven piling |
| embedded retaining walls |
| The CFA piling technique involves screwing
a spiral fluted auger into the ground to the required depth. Concrete is then
pumped under pressure through the hollow auger stem to the bottom of the bore.
Once pumping has begun, the auger is progressively withdrawn, bringing soils
with it to the surface. In addition, in most cases, once the auger and its load
of soil are removed, a steel reinforcement cage is placed into the concrete
pile, to support the pile as it sets. |
| Cast in-situ piling is carried out by boring a hole to the required depth, then lowering a reinforcing cage into the hole and filling it with concrete. In purely cohesive soil, the hole may be open-bored with the side standing up until the concrete is poured. Where the bore passes through non-self supporting ground, a steel tube must be driven in to support the sides. The tube is usually withdrawn as the concrete is poured. |
| Bentonite is a type of clay that is formed by the in-site alteration of volcanic ash. Bentonite increases its volume several fold when in contact with water, creating a gelatinous viscous substance. These unusual properties make the mineral a valuable resource for a wide variety of applications, including foundation applications. |
| There are three principal methods of driven piling used in the UK construction industry, these are: |
| pre-cast concrete - typically installed using a drop, single acting diesel, or hydraulic hammer mounted on a hanging leader attached to a crawler crane. The piles are manufactured in horizontal casting beds either at a central depot or, for large projects, on site. They are used when piles of a known and constant length are to be driven into an accessible site and are particularly suitable when weak or loose deposits overlie a hard stratum |
| cast in-situ concrete
- cast in-situ piles are formed by driving a hollow steel casing
with a detachable steel plate shoe using a dropping weight or a mechanical
hammer. A reinforcement case is then placed in the casing, which is
subsequently filled with concrete. The casing is usually withdrawn to ensure
that the friction between concrete column or pile and the soil is enhanced.
However, in some cases the steel tube is left as a permanent casing. Cast
in-situ piles are typically used where the lengths of concrete piles required
are likely to vary considerably, and are particularly suitable where a granular
stratum exists at a reasonable depth |
| steel - steel piles are required to carry high compressive loads to a hard bearing stratum or to a sufficient depth through a frictional soil. The piles can be adapted to carry different loads for varying ground conditions by adapting the grade of steel used. Steel sheet piles can also be configured differently depending on the load capacity they are required to support. Steel H-piles are used for working loads between 50 and 400 tonnes, whereas steel tube and pipes generally range over loads from 50 tonnes to 1 000 tonnes or more |
| The UK market for embedded retaining walls can be segmented into three principal techniques, as follows: |
| A diaphragm wall is a type of earth
retaining wall formed by excavating a trench under bentonite and remaining
successive panels of earth and filling with reinforced in-situ concrete. The
panels are connected by means of shear key joints and rubber water stop to
provide a continuous, watertight retaining wall. Furthermore, diaphragm walls
can be constructed to depths of 50m or more and are ideal for soft clays and
loose sands below the water table where there is a need to control lateral
movements. However, they are relatively costly in comparison to other wall
types and are not suited to strong soil conditions where penetration is
slow |
| A secant bored pile wall is also a method
for providing support for vertical faces of excavations. Secant pile walls are
formed by overcutting adjacent bored piles, which results in an intersection of
one pile with another. Each pile is interlocked by a secant cut and can be
constructed as a straight or curved line. High torque machines are required for
carrying out the overcutting of piles effectively. Secant pile walls can be
bored to a depth of 30m but the difficulties of construction increase greatly
once the pile depth exceeds 20m |
| Contiguous bored pile walls are
constructed in a line with a clear spacing of between 75mm and 100mm between
the piles. As a result they are unsuitable as a water retaining structure. They
are constructed using the same equipment that is used for bored piling.
Additional reinforcement is required, which generally consists of vertical
reinforcement bars with helical or overlap rings. Their main application is in
clay soils where water inflows are not a problem, although the piles between
the gaps can be sealed with soil treatment, forming a relatively water tight
wall. The maximum practical depth to which a contiguous bored wall can be
constructed is approximately 18m to 20m, however with wide pile spacing the
depth can be increased |
| Shear key joints are a common method of
providing for the transfer of shear forces across a construction joint or a
contraction joint. |
| Market values are for the value of
equipment, materials and labour used in foundation work, but exclude the
purchase of new equipment and exclude VAT. UK production of earth boring and
pile driving equipment and the general plant hire market are examined in
separate chapters of the report. |
| All values are quoted at current prices unless otherwise specified. MSI has a policy of rounding numbers from five up to the next significant figure. Consequently financial data may differ from source documents. |
| Related reports published by MSI include: |
| MSI Database: Urban Regeneration: UK, published in June 2001 |
| MSI Databrief: House Building: UK, published in May 2002 |
| MSI Data Report: Contaminated Land Treatment: UK, published in May 2002 |
Text © 2002MSI
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