Table of Contents

Executive Summary

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

Definitions

Methodology

Abbreviations

Exchange Rates

CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE UKRAINE

ANALYSIS OF PRINCIPAL RIVER BASINS

THE ECOLOGICAL SITUATION OF THE DNIEPER AFTER THE

TCHERNOBYL DISASTER

DRINKING WATER QUALITY

THE STATE OF SUPPLY OF RUNNING WATER

SOURCES OF MINERAL WATER IN THE UKRAINE

SCOPE FOR THE POSSIBLE USE OF THERMAL SPRING WATER

THE FIGHT AGAINST WATER POLLUTION

THE CONDITION OF MARITIME WATERS

INTERNATIONAL AID AND MARKET OPPORTUNITIES

DESCRIPTION OF FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES

General Overview

Ukrainian Legislation on Water

Water Sources in the Ukraine

Zones Included in the List of Water Sources

National and Regional Water Sources

Ownership of Aquifer Sources

Powers of Different Organisations in the Water Sector

THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF

THE USE AND PROTECTION OF WATER SOURCES

National and Regional Programmes for the Use and Protection of Water

The Competencies of Different State Organisations

The System for Monitoring the Use of Water Sources

The General Water Survey

The Economic Management of Water Use

The Norms and Standards Relating to the Use of Water

THE UTILISATION OF WATER

The Rights and Obligations of Water Users

The Different Types of Water Use

The Consumption of Drinking Water

The Specific Character of Water Use for Economic Needs

Conditions for Discharge of Waste Waters

River Exploitation

PROTECTION OF WATER SOURCES

Creation of Protected Zones

Measures for Protection Against Pollution

Prevention of Water Pollution and the Measures Available

DISPUTES IN THE SECTOR OF WATER USE AND THE

SAFEGUARDING OF WATER SOURCES

The Means of Regulating Disputes in Contention

Judicial Responsibility in Cases of Failure to Respect

Legislation in the

Water Sector

Conformity of National Legislation to International Norms

List of Tables

1 Volume Of River Water Extracted, Utilised And Discharged In The Ukraine

2 Total Volume Of Water Used In The Ukraine, By Type Of User

3 The Use Of Water From The Selected Rivers In The Ukraine

4 Number Of Springs Discovered And Exploited In The Ukraine, By Region

5 Volume Of Mineral Water Produced And Production Capacity In The Ukraine, By Region

6 Volume Of Industrial Waters And Waters Accumulated In Ukrainian Mining Basins Which Require Urgent Intervention

7 Volume Of Waste Accumulated On Storage Centres In The Ukraine, Year Of Operation Start-Up And Rate Of Stock Filling

8 State Investments For The Treatment Of Waste Water And Reduction Of Discharges From Various Projects In The Dnieper Basin, 1994

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The regions of the Ukraine which use the most water for industrial purposes are those of Dniepropetrovsk, Donetsk and Zaporog. The principal source of water in the Ukraine is the river Dnieper which represents approximately 80 percent of the national resources. The Dnieper basin makes up 49 percent of Ukrainian territory where 42 percent of the country's population and 45 percent of its industrial activity are to be found.

The most important user of water in the Ukraine is industry, which accounts for around 48 percent of total water used, followed by agriculture representing 27 percent and community services which consume 16 percent of the total.

Following the Tchernobyl disaster which seriously affected the Dnieper basin, the Ukrainian authorities adopted a national programme for the improvement of the ecological health of the basin entitled "operation Dnieper". This programme has as its aims the improvement of the quality of drinking water, the protection of water sources, and the construction and rehabilitation of water treatment works. To these ends the government has invested some $1.48 million.

The Water Code which was introduced in July 1995 is the legislation currently in force which specifies a number of measures against water pollution and regulates the setting up of all industrial undertakings liable to lead to deterioration of water quality.

Recent studies have shown that water quality in the Ukraine has been degraded. Indeed, some 57 percent of companies discharging waste water have no access to treatment works. The main factors affecting the quality of water in the Ukraine are as follows:

- the scarcity of water supplies, in quantity and quality

- the precarious state of a large part of the mains network

- the increase in the number of damaged water-mains

- the increase in the disposal of unpurified waste water

Due to a lack of funds, the Ukrainian authorities' water policy is to modernise and up-grade existing treatment works rather than to construct new plant. In addition, one of the main objectives of the authorities is to prevent increased discharge of waste water into the reserves.

Text © 1997 MSI

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