| MP93295 |
| MAPS : Green and Ethical Consumer: February 2005 |
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This report covers: Internet Service Providers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Executive Summary |
| 1. Introduction |
| 2. Strategic Overview |
| THE ECONOMY AND THE GREEN POUND |
| Economic Growth |
| Table 1: UK Gross Domestic Product at Current and Annual Prices (£m), 1999-2003 |
| Consumer Expenditure |
| Table 2: UK Household Expenditure at Current Prices (index 1971=100 and £bn), 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2002 |
| Table 3: Household Disposable Income per Capita (£), 1999-2003 |
| Economic Forecasts |
| Table 4: Forecast UK Economic Indicators (£m, index 2001=100, index 2000=100 and %), 2004-2008 |
| ETHICAL EXPENDITURE |
| Table 5: Ethical Consumerism in the UK (£m), 2002 |
| 3. General Consumer Issues |
| OVERVIEW |
| Table 6: Summary of Attitudes Towards Green and Ethical Issues and Products (% of respondents), 2004 |
| TRENDS IN GREEN AND ETHICAL CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR AND ATTITUDES |
| Table 7: Key Trends in Consumer Attitudes Towards Green and Ethical Issues and Products (% of respondents), 2002 and 2004 |
| THE GREEN FACTOR — TRENDS IN THE GREEN AND ETHICAL CONSUMER MOVEMENT |
| THE GREEN CONSUMER |
| Purchasing Products Regardless of Ethical Issues, and Consumer Boycotts |
| Table 8: Purchase of Products Regardless of Ethical or Green Issues, and Boycotting Particular Brands Due to Unethical Production Methods (% of respondents), 2004 |
| Consumer Boycotts |
| Consumer Profiles |
| Table 9: Ethical Attitudes Among Consumers (%), 2000 |
| Attitudes Towards Buying Environmentally-Friendly Detergents and Ethically-Produced Clothing |
| Table 10: Purchasing Environmentally-Friendly Non-Food Products, and Not Buying Clothing on the Basis That Workers Have Been Exploited (% of respondents), 2004 |
| Attitudes Towards Recycling |
| Table 11: Regular Recycling (% of respondents), 2004 |
| Trends in Recycling and Legislation |
| Globalisation and Consumer Rights |
| Corporate Social Responsibility |
| New Strategies in Green Marketing |
| Marketing to Faith Groups |
| 4. The Supermarket |
| OVERVIEW |
| Table 12: Supermarket Grocery Market Share by Value (%), 2004 |
| Tesco PLC |
| ASDA Group Ltd |
| J Sainsbury PLC |
| Supermarkets and Ethical Trading |
| Table 13: Supermarkets' Rating in Relation to Green and Ethical Indicators, 2004 |
| SUPERMARKETS AND HEALTHY EATING |
| Table 14: Retailer Ratings for Healthy Eating, 2004 |
| FAIRTRADE GOODS |
| Table 15: The UK Fairtrade Goods Market by Sector by Retail Value (£m), 1998-2003 |
| Fairtrade Coffee |
| Attitudes Towards Buying Ethically-Produced and Fairtrade Goods |
| Table 16: The Purchase of Ethically-Produced Food Products (% of respondents), 2004 |
| ORGANIC FOODS |
| Table 17: The UK Organic Foods Market by Retail Value (£m at rsp and %), Years Ending April 1995-2004 |
| Consumer Attitudes Towards Organic Food |
| Table 18: Agreement Levels with Selected Statements on Organic Food (% of respondents), 2002 and 2003 |
| 5. Banking |
| OVERVIEW |
| Table 19: The UK Personal Banking Market by Value (£m), 1999-2004 |
| ETHICAL BANKING |
| Table 20: Rating of Banks in Relation to Ethical Criteria — Ethical Consumer Rating, 2004 |
| The Co-operative Bank |
| ATTITUDES TOWARDS ETHICAL BANKING |
| Table 21: Ethical Considerations for Banks and Financial Products (% of respondents), 2004 |
| 6. Transport |
| CAR USE |
| Table 22: Car Ownership in Great Britain (million, % and number), 1996-2003 |
| The UK Car Market |
| Table 23: The UK New Car Market by Value and Volume (£bn and 000), 1999-2004 |
| EXPENDITURE ON TRANSPORT |
| Table 24: UK Household Expenditure on Transport in Real Terms† (£ per week), 1990, 1991, 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 |
| CARS AND THE ENVIRONMENT |
| Table 25: Distances Travelled in the UK by Different Forms of Transport (average miles per person per year), 1986 and 2003 |
| ATTITUDES TOWARDS `GREEN' CARS |
| Table 26: Purchasing Environmentally-Friendly Cars (% of respondents), 2004 |
| Table 27: Attitudes Towards Car and Bus Use in Great Britain (%), 2002 |
| 7. Charities |
| CHARITY INCOME |
| Table 28: Average Monthly Charitable Donation and Proportion Donating to Charity Annually in the UK (£ per month and %), 1996-2004 |
| ATTITUDES TOWARDS DONATING TO CHARITY |
| Table 29: Donating to Charity (% of respondents), 2003 |
| ATTITUDES TOWARDS BUYING GOODS IN CHARITABLE SHOPS |
| Table 30: Purchasing from Charity Retail Outlets (% of respondents), 2004 |
| 8. The Cosmetics Market |
| OVERVIEW |
| Table 31: Financial Results for The Body Shop International PLC (£000), Years Ending 2nd March 2002, 1st March 2003 and 28th February 2004 |
| ATTITUDES TOWARDS BUYING ETHICALLY-PRODUCED PRODUCTS AND BRANDS |
| Table 32: Purchasing Products not Tested on Animals (% of respondents), 2004 |
| 9. Holidays |
| OVERVIEW |
| Table 33: The Total UK Tourism Market by Sector by Value and Volume (£m and million), 1999-2004 |
| ECOTOURISM |
| ATTITUDES TOWARDS TAKING ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY HOLIDAYS |
| Table 34: Attitudes Towards Ethical Holidays (% of respondents), 2004 |
| 10. The Future |
| MARKET FORECASTS |
| Future Patterns in Purchasing Ethically-Produced and Fairtrade Goods |
| SUPERMARKETS |
| TRANSPORT |
| BANKING |
| COSMETICS |
| HOLIDAYS |
| 11. Further Sources |
| Associations |
| Publications |
| General Sources |
| Government Publications |
| Other Sources |
| Bonnier Information Sources |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
| The markets for green and ethical goods form only a small percentage of total consumer expenditure, yet significant niche markets, particularly Fairtrade goods, are growing exponentially. The demand for ethical production and greater corporate responsibility is being channelled more effectively through consumer boycotts and more sophisticated campaigning by protest groups. Pressures from within commerce for more accountability and openness are evident in the rise in non-financial reporting schemes, which are allowing more transparency and monitoring of production — a prerequisite for ethical production. These two parallel movements, while short of transforming consumer markets, are creating conditions for a major revision in eco-friendly patterns of consumption. |
| In many senses, the emergent trend towards a convergence of the environmentalist and commercial agendas is replacing the focus on change through consumer boycotts alone. The consumer research conducted for this report demonstrates that price imperatives continue to win out as the key consumer purchasing factor. In effect, consumers are also turning away from green alternatives in markets as diverse as those for cars and detergents, because manufacturers have failed to develop products that can compete on price in the mainstream market. Consumers may wish to use their cars less and even purchase greener alternatives, but they are unwilling to pay excessively more to do so. |
| The influence of government legislation is crucial in advancing greener solutions; under the current Government, significant progress has not been possible, as legislation has been soft-pedalled in both transport and retailing. The Congestion Charge in London has demonstrated the legislative possibilities to curb negative environmental impacts, but the move was not backed by the Government. Moreover, successive planned increases in fuel tax have been withdrawn. In the retail sector, the Government has relied on voluntary agreements to regulate supermarkets' control of food production and has not taken strong action to break supermarket monopolies. |
| In many respects, trends in the holiday market exemplify some of the challenges of advancing the green and ethical agenda beyond the markets now recognised as very successful, e.g. Fairtrade produce. Despite numerous attempts, green and ethical `labelling' or branding in the holiday market have not caught on. Individual companies that place long-term sustainability at the heart of their operations have been far more successful. These companies are able to incorporate eco-friendly aspects — such as community development and pollution-free activity — and establish a longer-term approach to profit and development. At the same time, these factors are finding growing favour with consumers who are looking for quality and are increasingly sophisticated and wiser to the negative impacts of mass tourism. |
| The success of Fairtrade demonstrates the potentially huge demand for ethically-sourced food and other produce. In larger service markets, green and ethical considerations will be advanced in the future by the growing trend towards this convergence around key concepts of sustainability for both profit and development. |
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Last updated by Amanda Porteous September
2005
