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| MP93150 |
| MAPS THE GREY MARKET AUGUST 2000 |
| Overview |
Editor: Market Assessment
ISBN: 1-86111-325-0
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This report covers: Grey consumer, household expenditure, spending on food and drink, alcohol, tobacco, household goods, household services, motoring, aged over 45, food, clothes, out-of-town shopping, tax, financial products, insurance, savings, investments, personal computers, new cars, used cars, furniture, health, appearance, cigarette smoking, medicines, medical fees, medication, vitamins, supplements, health foods, fortified foods, GM, genetically modified foods, organic foods, meat-eating, toiletries, cosmetics, hairdressing, footwear, leisure goods, holidays, newspapers, magazines, music, CDs, records, tapes, restaurants, eating out, gardening, home improvements, patios, holidays, short breaks, pensionable age, Age Concern, Help the Aged, Saga
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| 1. Introduction | 1 |
| Definitions | 1 |
| Strategic Overview | 1 |
| Spending and Saving | 1 |
| Staying Young Health and Appearance | 2 |
| Leisure and Holidays | 2 |
| The Future | 2 |
| 2. Executive Summary | 3 |
| 3. Strategic Overview | 5 |
| The rise of the grey consumer | 5 |
| Demographic trends | 5 |
| Table 1: The UK Population by Age Group (000), 1981, 1991 and 1998 | 6 |
| Table 2: The UK Over-45 Population by Sex and Age Group (000), 1981, 1991 and 1998 | 7 |
| Table 3: Death Rates by Sex and Age Group, 1961-1998 | 8 |
| Family Situation | 9 |
| Table 4: The UK Population by Sex and Age Group ( percent), 1961, 1991 and 1998 | 9 |
| Table 5: Marital Status by Sex and Age Group ( percent), 1998 | 10 |
| Figure 1: Marital Status by Sex and Age Group ( percent), 1998 | 11 |
| Employment and Income | 12 |
| Table 6: The UK Labour Force by Sex and Age Group (million), 1971-1997 | 12 |
| Table 7: Average Gross Annual Earnings by Sex and Age Group (£), 1999 | 13 |
| Figure 2: Average Gross Annual Earnings by Sex and Age Group (£), 1999 | 14 |
| Demographic profiles | 14 |
| Table 8: Consumers Aged Over 45 by Demographic Subgroup ( percent of adults), 2000 | 15 |
| Household tenure | 16 |
| Targeting greys marketing and advertising | 17 |
| Table 9: Household Tenure by Age of Head of Household ( percent), 1998 | 17 |
| Table 10: Attitudes to Advertising Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 19 |
| Figure 3: Attitudes to Advertising Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 20 |
| organisations | 20 |
| Age Concern | 20 |
| Help the Aged | 21 |
| Saga | 21 |
| 4. Spending and Saving | 22 |
| Household EXPENDITURE | 22 |
| Table 11: Average Weekly Household Expenditure by Age of Head of Household (£), 1998/1999 | 23 |
| Figure 4: Average Weekly Household Expenditure by Age of Head of Household (£), 1998/1999 | 24 |
| Table 12: Average Weekly Household Expenditure as a percentage of Total Expenditure by Age of Head of Household, 1998/1999 | 25 |
| Figure 5: Average Weekly Household Expenditure as a percentage of Total Expenditure by Age of Head of Household, 1998/1999 | 26 |
| 26 | |
| Spending on Food and Drink | 27 |
| Table 13: Average Weekly Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drinks in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 27 |
| Figure 6: Average Weekly Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drinks in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 28 |
| Table 14: Average Weekly Expenditure on Alcohol and Tobacco in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 29 |
| Table 15: Average Weekly Expenditure on Household Goods in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 30 |
| Figure 7: Average Weekly Expenditure on Household Goods in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 31 |
| Table 16: Average Weekly Expenditure on Household Services in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 32 |
| Figure 8: Average Weekly Expenditure on Household Services in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 33 |
| Table 17: Average Weekly Expenditure on Motoring and Fares in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 34 |
| Consumer spending habits | 35 |
| Table 18: Regular Purchases by Those Aged Over 45 by Sex ( percent), 2000 | 35 |
| Figure 9: Regular Purchases by Those Aged Over 45 by Sex ( percent), 2000 | 36 |
| 36 | |
| Table 19: Regular Purchases by Those Aged Over 45 by Age Group ( percent), 2000 | 38 |
| Figure 10: Regular Purchases by Those Aged Over 45 by Age Group ( percent), 2000 | 39 |
| 39 | |
| Table 20: Regular Purchases by Those Aged Over 45 by Age Group ( percent), 1998 and 2000 | 41 |
| Figure 11: Regular Purchases by Those Aged Over 45 by Age Group ( percent), 1998 and 2000 | 42 |
| Shopping preferences | 43 |
| Table 21: Preferences for Food and Clothes Shopping Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 43 |
| Figure 12: Preferences for Food and Clothes Shopping Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 44 |
| Figure 13: Town-Centre Versus Out-of-Town Shopping Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 45 |
| Table 22: Town-Centre Versus Out-of-Town Shopping Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 45 |
| Table 23: Attitudes Towards Internet Shopping Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 46 |
| Figure 14: Attitudes Towards Internet Shopping Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 47 |
| Grey finance | 47 |
| Table 24: Average Weekly Expenditure on Tax, Insurance and Financial Products by Age of Head of Household (£), 1998/1999 | 48 |
| Figure 15: Average Weekly Expenditure on Tax, Insurance and Financial Products by Age of Head of Household (£), 1998/1999 | 49 |
| Table 25: Spending on Mortgage or Rent Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 50 |
| Table 26: Spending on Financial Products Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 51 |
| Savings and Investments | 52 |
| Table 27: Ownership of Savings and Investments Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 52 |
| Figure 16: Ownership of Savings and Investments Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 1999 | 53 |
| Table 27: Ownership of Savings and Investments Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 53 |
| Insurance | 54 |
| Financing Purchases | 55 |
| Table 28: Preferred Payment Method for Selected Household Items and Appliances Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 55 |
| Table 28: Preferred Payment Method for Selected Household Items and Appliances Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 56 |
| Figure 17: Preferred Payment Method for Personal Computers Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 57 |
| Table 29: Preferred Payment Method for Personal Computers Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 57 |
| Table 30: Preferred Payment Method for New or Used Cars Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 58 |
| Figure 18: Preferred Payment Method for New or Used Cars Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 59 |
| Figure 19: Preferred Payment Method for Items Costing Under £50 Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 60 |
| Table 31: Preferred Payment Method for Items Costing Under £50 Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 60 |
| Table 32: Preferred Payment Method for Domestic Electrical Goods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 61 |
| Figure 20: Preferred Payment Method for Domestic Electrical Goods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 62 |
| Figure 21: Preferred Payment Method for Furniture Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 63 |
| Table 33: Preferred Payment Method for Furniture Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 63 |
| Attitudes Towards Customer Service From Financial Service Providers | 64 |
| Table 34: Aspects of Customer Service From Financial Organisations Which Are Important to Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 65 |
| Figure 22: Aspects of Customer Service From Financial Organisations Which Are Important to Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 66 |
| Table 35: Attitudes Towards Choosing and Buying Financial Services Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 67 |
| .Table 35: Attitudes Towards Choosing and Buying FinancialServices Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 68 |
| 5. Staying Young - Health and Appearance | 69 |
| cIgarette SMOKING | 69 |
| Table 36: Cigarette Smoking Status Among Those Aged Over 45 by Age Group and Sex ( percent of adults), 1998 | 69 |
| Table 36: Cigarette Smoking Status Among Those Aged Over 45 by Age Group and Sex ( percent of adults), 1998 | 70 |
| Table 37: Trends in Cigarette Smoking by Age Group and Sex ( percent of adults), 1978, 1988 and 1998 | 71 |
| Spending on health products | 72 |
| Table 37: Trends in Cigarette Smoking by Age Group and Sex ( percent of adults), 1978, 1988 and 1998 | 72 |
| Table 38: Average Weekly Expenditure on Medicines and Medical Fees in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 72 |
| Figure 23: Average Weekly Expenditure on Medicines and Medical Fees in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 73 |
| Conventional and alternative medicines | 73 |
| Table 39: Spending on Medications Among Consumers Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 74 |
| Figure 24: Use of Alternative Medicines and Vitamins/ Supplements Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 75 |
| Table 40: Use of Alternative Medicines and Vitamins/ Supplements Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 75 |
| Table 41: Usage of Alternative Practitioners Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 76 |
| Figure 25: Usage of Alternative Practitioners Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 77 |
| Figure 25: Those Claiming to Eat Health Foods by Age Group ( percent of adults), 2000 | 78 |
| Table 42: Those Claiming to Eat Health Foods by Age Group ( percent of adults), 2000 | 78 |
| Table 43: Attitudes Towards Fortified and Functional Foods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 79 |
| Figure 26: Attitudes Towards Fortified and Functional Foods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 80 |
| Figure 27: Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Foods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 81 |
| Table 44: Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Foods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 81 |
| Figure 28: Purchasing of Organic Foods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 82 |
| Table 45: Purchasing of Organic Foods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 82 |
| Table 46: Attitudes Towards Organic Foods Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 84 |
| Figure 29: Attitudes Towards Organic Foods Among ThoseAged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 85 |
| Figure 30: Attitudes Towards Food Production and Labelling Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 86 |
| Table 47: Attitudes Towards Food Production and Labelling Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 86 |
| Table 48: The Importance of Taste and Cost to Those Aged Over 45 When Purchasing Healthy Food ( percent of adults), 2000 | 87 |
| Table 31: The Importance of Taste and Cost to Those Aged Over 45 When Purchasing Healthy Food ( percent of adults), 2000 | 88 |
| Table 49: Meat-Eating Habits Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 88 |
| Figure 32: Meat-Eating Habits Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 89 |
| keeping up appearances | 89 |
| Table 50: Average Weekly Expenditure on Toiletries, Cosmetics and Hairdressing in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 89 |
| Figure 33: Average Weekly Expenditure on Toiletries, Cosmetics and Hairdressing in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 90 |
| Figure 34: Average Weekly Expenditure on Clothing and Footwear in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 91 |
| Table 51: Average Weekly Expenditure on Clothing and Footwear in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 91 |
| 6. Leisure and Holidays | 92 |
| Spending on leisure goods and services | 92 |
| Table 52: Average Weekly Expenditure on Leisure Goods in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 92 |
| Figure 35: Average Weekly Expenditure on Leisure Goods in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 93 |
| Table 53: Average Weekly Expenditure on Leisure Services in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 94 |
| Figure 36: Average Weekly Expenditure on Leisure Services in Households Headed by Adults Aged Over 50 (£), 1998/1999 | 95 |
| Table 54: Spending on Newspapers/Magazines and Books Among Consumers Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 96 |
| Table 55: Magazine Readership Profiles by Type of Publication by Age Group ( percent of readers), 1998-1999 | 97 |
| Table 56: The Top Ten Consumer Magazines by Readership Among Those Aged Over 45, April 1997-May 1998 | 98 |
| Listening to music | 99 |
| Table 57: Spending on CDs, Records and Tapes Among Consumers Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 99 |
| Eating and drinking out | 100 |
| Table 58: Spending on Eating and Drinking Out Among Consumers Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 100 |
| Table 59: Attitudes Towards Choosing Restaurants Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 101 |
| Figure 37: Attitudes Towards Choosing Restaurants Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 102 |
| Table 60: Types of Restaurants Usually Visited by Those Aged Over 45 When Dining Out ( percent of adults), 2000 | 103 |
| Figure 38: Types of Restaurants Usually Visited by Those Aged Over 45 When Dining Out ( percent of adults), 2000 | 104 |
| Figure 39: Frequency of Eating Out in Restaurants Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 105 |
| Table 61: Frequency of Eating Out in Restaurants Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 105 |
| Gardening and home improvements | 106 |
| Table 62: Spending On Gardening and Home Improvements Among Consumers Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 106 |
| Table 63: Attitude Towards Home Improvements Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 107 |
| Figure 40: Attitude Towards Home Improvements Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 108 |
| Figure 41: Ownership of a Garden or Patio by Age Group ( percent of adults), 2000 | 109 |
| Table 64: Ownership of a Garden or Patio by Age Group ( percent of adults), 2000 | 109 |
| Table 65: Intention Among Those Aged Over 45 to Purchase Garden Tools and Accessories in the Next 12 Months ( percent of adults), 2000 | 110 |
| Figure 42: Intention Among Those Aged Over 45 to Purchase Garden Tools and Accessories in the Next 12 Months ( percent of adults), 2000 | 111 |
| holidays | 111 |
| Table 66: Spending on Holidays in the UK and Abroad Among Consumers Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 112 |
| Short Breaks | 113 |
| Table 67: Method of Booking Short Breaks in Europe Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 113 |
| Figure 43: Method of Booking Short Breaks in Europe Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 114 |
| Figure 44: Method of Travel for Short Breaks in Europe Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 115 |
| Table 68: Method of Travel for Short Breaks in Europe Among Those Aged Over 45 ( percent of adults), 2000 | 115 |
| Table 69: Factors Which Are Important to Those Aged Over 45 When Arranging Short Breaks in Europe ( percent of adults), 2000 | 116 |
| Figure 45: Factors Which Are Important to Those Aged Over 45 When Arranging Short Breaks in Europe ( percent of adults), 2000 | 117 |
| 7. The Future | 118 |
| DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS | 118 |
| Table 70: UK Population Forecasts by Age Group (000), 1998-2011 | 118 |
| Table 71: Over-45 Year-Olds as a percentage of the Total Population, 1998 and 2011 | 119 |
| Table 72: The Forecast Number of People of Pensionable Age (000), 1998-2011 | 120 |
| Table 73: The Projected Labour Force by Sex and Age Group (million), 1997, 2001 and 2011 | 121 |
| 8. Sources | 122 |
| Glossary of Terms | 123 |
| A-Z of DEFINITIONS | 123 |
| Above-the-Line or Main Media Expenditure | 123 |
| Annual Growth Rate | 123 |
| Below-the-Line Advertising | 123 |
| Cif | 123 |
| Constant Prices | 123 |
| Current Prices | 123 |
| Fob | 123 |
| Forecasts | 124 |
| MSP | 124 |
| Real | 124 |
| RSP | 124 |
| ABOUT THE SOURCES USED | 124 |
| ACNielsen MMS | 124 |
| Prodcom | 124 |
| NOP | 125 |
| Trade Association Data | 125 |
| Trade Sources | 125 |
Consumers over the age of 45 are becoming increasingly important to marketers and advertisers due to their sheer weight of numbers, as well as their economic power. Advances in healthcare, the wider availability of education, and general improvements in living standards over the past few decades also mean that this group of over-45 year olds tends to be much younger in outlook, and to have higher expectations of life, than was the case for previous generations in this age group. One in five of all those aged over 45, and 27 percent of 45 to 54 year-olds, are in the AB socio-economic group. Another factor contributing to the wealth of this group is the fact that a high proportion of them have paid off their mortgages, with a consequent beneficial effect on their disposable income. Despite the importance of this group, the portrayal of older people in the media continues to reflect an old-fashioned image; the advertising industry, too, has been slow to recognise the potential of targeting this group. In terms of spending power, households headed by those aged between 50 and 64 have a higher weekly average spend per person than those headed by any other age group. They also spend more than others on motoring, leisure services such as holidays, and personal goods and services such as toiletries, cosmetics and beauty treatments. Original consumer research commissioned by Market Assessment found that friends and family top the list of spending priorities for the over-45s, followed closely by newspapers and magazines. Nearly two thirds spend money regularly on gardening and, a similar proportion, eat and/or drink out on a regular basis. A total of 46 percent of this group are spending money on mortgage or rent, but among owner occupiers fewer than four in ten are doing so. The importance of saving for the future among this group is underlined by the fact that those aged over 45 and particularly 45 to 54 year-olds are more likely than average (and, in most cases, more likely than any other age group) to own or contribute to most types of savings and investments. Market Assessment's research showed that nearly four in ten 45 to 54 year-olds more than in any other age group use alternative medicines, while vitamins and supplements are most popular among 55 to 64 year-olds, 41 percent of whom take them. Nearly six in ten over-45 year-olds spend money regularly on books, and 44 percent buy CDs or tapes on a regular basis. A total of 63 percent and three quarters of 45 to 54 year-olds spend money regularly on eating/drinking out. Gardening is an important leisure activity for this group, with almost two thirds spending regularly on items for their garden; the 55 to 64 year-olds are particularly important to this market. Holidays in the UK and foreign holidays are almost equally popular among this group as a whole, with just over half spending money regularly on each. The economic and political power of older consumers is likely to continue to grow over the next few decades. The over-45 population is forecast to increase by nearly 17 percent between 1998 and 2011, when the over-45s will account for 43.4 percent of the total population, compared with 38.8 percent in 1998. Politicians will increasingly have to take the views of older people into account, not only because of their numerical power, but because they are more likely than younger people to use their vote. Pensions are clearly an important issue for this group, and this issue is likely to become increasingly problematical in the future, as the number of people of pensionable age increases. There is likely to be more encouragement in the future for people aged over 50 to stay in employment, rather than taking early retirement, as has been a growing trend over the past decade or so.
Text © 2000 MAPS
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Last updated by Duncan Nottage 17th July 2001