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| MP52201 |
| MAPS RETAIL DEVELOPMENT MAY 2001 |
| Overview |
Editor: Market
Assessment
ISBN:
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| Executive Summary | 9 |
| 1. Introduction | 11 |
| Definitions | 11 |
| Town Centres | 11 |
| Out-Of-Town Developments | 11 |
| Shopping Centre | 11 |
| Out-Of-Town | 12 |
| District Centres | 12 |
| Regional Centres | 12 |
| Retail Warehouse Park | 12 |
| Factory Outlets | 12 |
| 2. Strategic Overview | 13 |
| Market Dynamics And Segmentation | 13 |
| Table 1: Analysis of Retail Business by Number of Businesses and Turnover (million and £bn), 1997-2000 | 13 |
| Investment | 14 |
| Figure 1: Net Investment In the Retail Sector (£m),Average 1989-1999 | 15 |
| Competitive structure | 16 |
| Shopping Centre League Table | 16 |
| Distribution | 18 |
| Table 5: Shopping Centre Opening Schemes by Type (000 square metres), 1965-2000 | 18 |
| Restrictive Legislation Favours Town Centres | 19 |
| Current Geographical Distribution | 20 |
| Figure 2: Distribution of the Leading Shopping Centres by Vitality Score ( percent), 2000 | 21 |
| Distribution of Shopping Centres Under Development | 22 |
| Table 7: Shopping Centres in the Pipeline by Region (000 square metres floorspace), 2000-Post 2002 | 22 |
| Figure 3: Shopping Centres in the Pipeline by Region (000 square metres floorspace), 2000-post 2002 | 23 |
| Retail And Leisure Developments | 23 |
| Advertising | 24 |
| Table 8: Main Media Advertising Expenditure by Shopping Centres, (£000), Year to Septem-ber 2000 | 25 |
| The consumer | 26 |
| Time Spent Shopping | 26 |
| Number of Journeys | 27 |
| Mode of Transport | 27 |
| Table 9: Travel per Person per Year for Shopping, 1992/1994 and 1997/1999 | 27 |
| Figure 4: Journeys Made per Person per Year for Shopping by Mode of Transport (average number of journeys), 1997-1999 | 29 |
| Distance Travelled | 30 |
| Table 11: Distance Travelled for Shopping per Person per Year by Main Mode of Transport (number of miles), 1997-1999 | 30 |
| Food Versus Non-Food Shopping | 31 |
| Mode of Transport | 31 |
| Table 12: Shopping Trips by Type of Shopping and Mode of Transport ( percent of journeys), 1998-1999 | 31 |
| Figure 5: Shopping Trips by Type of Shopping and Mode of Transport ( percent of journeys), 1998-1999 | 32 |
| Journey Length | 32 |
| Table 13: Shopping Trips by Average Journey Length (number of miles), 1998-1999 | 32 |
| Most Popular Shopping Days | 33 |
| Use Of The Internet | 33 |
| Table 14: Shopping Trips by Type of Shopping and Day of the Week ( percent), 1998-1999 | 33 |
| Demographic Changes | 34 |
| Market forecasts | 34 |
| 3. Town-Centre Shopping Centres | 35 |
| Market Size | 35 |
| Shopping Centres in Development | 36 |
| Figure 5: Shopping Centres Development in the Pipeline (million square metres floorspace), 1991-September 2000 | 37 |
| Scheduled Openings | 37 |
| Table 17: Number of Scheduled Openings of Town-Centre Shopping Centres by Size (000 square metres), 2000-post 2002 | 38 |
| Rankings | 39 |
| Table 18: Major Town-Centre Shopping Centres Proposed for Completion (square metres gross), 2000-2002 | 39 |
| Table 19: The Positive Impact Of Town-Centre Shopping Centres, 2000 | 41 |
| Consumer Trends | 42 |
| Marketing Activity | 43 |
| 4. Out-of-Town Shopping Centres | 44 |
| Market Size | 44 |
| Shopping Centres in Development | 45 |
| Figure 8: Shopping Centres Development in the Pipeline (million square metres), 1991-September 2000 | 46 |
| Rankings | 46 |
| Marketing Activity | 47 |
| Retail Parks | 48 |
| Scheduled Parks | 48 |
| Factory Outlets | 48 |
| Table 23: Major Retail Warehouse Parks Proposed for Completion (square feet gross), 2000-2002 | 48 |
| Scheduled Schemes | 49 |
| Figure 9: Factory Outlet Centres in the Pipeline, (000 square metres), 2000 Onwards | 49 |
| Consumer Trends | 50 |
| 5. An International Perspective | 51 |
| Competitor environment | 51 |
| The US | 51 |
| Australia | 52 |
| Westfield Holdings Ltd | 52 |
| Lend Lease Corporation | 53 |
| Europe | 53 |
| Market developments | 53 |
| Property Developers/Investors | 54 |
| Retailers | 54 |
| Consumer behaviour | 54 |
| 6. PEST Analysis | 55 |
| Social factors | 55 |
| Technological Developments | 55 |
| Economic Factors | 56 |
| Political Involvement | 56 |
| Summary | 57 |
| 7. Consumer Dynamics | 58 |
| Overview | 58 |
| NOP CONSUMER SURVEY | 58 |
| Table 27: Shopping Habits and Preferences, 2000 | 59 |
| Shopping Preference by Location | 60 |
| Table 28: Food Shopping in the Town Centre, 2000 | 61 |
| Table 29: Food Shopping at Out-of-Town Shopping Centres, 2000 | 62 |
| Table 30: Shopping (Other Than Food) in Town Centres, 2000 | 63 |
| Table 31: Shopping (Other Than Food) at Out-Of-Town Shopping Centres or Retail Parks, 2000 | 64 |
| Key Reasons for Choice of Location | 65 |
| Table 32: Choice of Outlet is Due to Convenience, 2000 | 66 |
| Table 33: Choice of Outlet is Due to Price, 2000 | 67 |
| Table 34: Choice of Outlet is Due to an Attractive Shopping Environment, 2000 | 68 |
| Table 35: Choice of Outlet is Due to Better Parking Facilities, 2000 | 9 |
| Table 36: Choice of Outlet is Due to a Wider Choice of Goods, 2000 | 70 |
| Distance and Preferred Method of Travel | 71 |
| Table 37: Distance Travelled to Shop for Food, 2000 | 72 |
| Table 38: Mode of Transport Used to Do General Shopping, 2000 | 73 |
| Usage of the Internet | 74 |
| Table 39: Shopping Using the Internet, 2000 | 75 |
| Ideal Changes to Town Centres | 76 |
| Table 40: A Wider Choice of Outlets, 2000 | 77 |
| Table 41: Town Centre Parking Facilities, 2000 | 78 |
| The Shopping Centre Environment | 79 |
| Table 42: The Importance of Shop Decor and Layout , 2000 | 80 |
| Centre managers survey | 81 |
| Overview | 81 |
| Town-Centre Shopping Centres | 81 |
| Appeal To Consumers | 81 |
| Attracting More Retailers | 82 |
| External Issues | 82 |
| Factory Outlets | 82 |
| Attracting More Consumers | 82 |
| Attracting More Retailers | 83 |
| External Issues | 83 |
| Out-Of-Town Shopping Centres/Retail Parks | 83 |
| Attracting More Retailers | 83 |
| External Issues | 83 |
| General Usage of the Internet | 83 |
| Comparisons Between the Two Surveys | 84 |
| 8. Company Profiles | 85 |
| Leading Retailers | 85 |
| Table 43: The Top Ten Retail Companies by Turnover (£m), 1996/1997-1998/1999 | 85 |
| Tesco plc | 87 |
| Corporate Strategy | 87 |
| Advertising | 87 |
| Table 44: Main Media Expenditure for Tesco PLC by Product Category (£000), Year to Sep-tember 2000 | 88 |
| Profitability | 89 |
| Future Company Developments | 89 |
| ASDA group LTD | 89 |
| Market Developments | 89 |
| Corporate Strategy | 90 |
| Advertising | 90 |
| Table 45: Main Media Advertising Expenditure for ASDA Group Ltd by Product Category (£000), Year to September 2000 | 90 |
| Profitability | 91 |
| Future Company Developments | 91 |
| Leading Property Developers | 91 |
| Land Securities PLC | 92 |
| Table 46: Financial Results Of Leading Property Developers by Turnover and Pre-Tax Profit (£m), 1999/2000 | 92 |
| Liberty international plc | 93 |
| Mepc LTD | 93 |
| slough estates plc | 94 |
| Capital shopping centres plc | 94 |
| Hammerson plc | 94 |
| Great portlan estates plc | 95 |
| Capital & regional plc | 95 |
| Grosvenor group Holdings LTD | 95 |
| 9. The Future | 97 |
| Table 47: Number of Scheduled Openings of Town-Centre and Out-of-Town Shopping Cen-tres (000 square metres), 2000-post 2002 | 98 |
| Figure 10: Forecast Value of Sales Through Shopping Centres at Current Prices(£bn), 2001-2005 | 99 |
| Table 48: Forecast Value of Sales Through Shopping Centres at Current Prices(£bn), 2001-2005 | 99 |
| 10. Sources | 100 |
| Glossary of Terms | 103 |
| A-Z of Definitions | 103 |
| Above-the-Line or Main Media Expenditure | 103 |
| Annual Growth Rate | 103 |
| Below-the-Line Advertising | 103 |
| Cif | 103 |
| Constant Prices | 103 |
| Current Prices | 103 |
| Fob | 103 |
| Forecasts | 104 |
| MSP | 104 |
| Real | 104 |
| RSP | 104 |
| About the sources used | 104 |
| ACNielsen MMS | 104 |
| Prodcom | 104 |
| NOP | 105 |
| Trade Association Data | 105 |
| Trade Sources | 105 |
| Key Note Research | 106 |
| The Range of Reports | 107 |
Building upon the success of its 1999 report on Out-Of-Town Shopping, Key Note has produced a second Market Assessment report on retail development, covering both the town-centre and out-of-town sectors, with a view to investigating the factors which will shape the future of the retail market. Out-of-town centres are generally recognised as having been introduced to the UK market in the mid-1970s, although some sources believe this to be earlier, depending upon definition of shopping centre size and location. The out-of-town market in this report is taken to include non-town-centre shopping centres, retail parks and factory outlets, although some of the latter may be located close to a town centre.
Since the introduction of Planning Policy Guideline PPG6, issued in 1996, there has been a shift in policy towards town-centre developments. This has been led by both social and environmental concerns about sustaining the vitality of town centres and ideally promoting the usage of forms of transport other than the car. Consequently, town centres accounted for all scheduled shopping centre openings towards the end of 2000, and this looks set to continue into the foreseeable future.
The retail market itself is estimated to have sales of over £200bn, with food sales representing the largest proportion of this. The market has seen dynamic change amongst individual retailers, with Wal-Mart, for example, purchasing ASDA in July 1999, and there is constant news of restructuring amongst clothes chains, from Marks and Spencer to C&A (Head Office) and Arcadia. Faced with e-commerce, restrictions on space and a need to attract the consumer to particular locations, there has been an increase in the number of mixed-use schemes, with retail and leisure developments particularly increasing. Shopping centres actively market themselves to attract consumers, with some £18.5m being spent by key UK shopping centres for the year ending September 2000 alone, according to ACNielsen MMS.
There are six large shopping centres in the UK and all are out-of-town - Bluewater (Kent), Meadowhall (Sheffield), Lakeside (Thurrock), Metro Centre (Gateshead), Trafford Centre (Manchester) and Merryhill (Birmingham). Nevertheless, recent town-centre openings, such as the Buchanan Galleries in Glasgow, are testimony to the increasing draw of town centres.
On an international scale, the US is generally recognised as the birthplace of shopping centres and currently has over 44,000 in existence. Nevertheless, the European market appears attractive to foreign investors, with property developers such as Westfield Holdings Ltd and Lend Lease Corporation, amongst many others, gaining a number of stakes in the market.
As the ultimate driving force behind retail development, the consumer is the starting point for anticipating retail trends. The profile of the UK population is changing significantly, and by 2011, a fifth will be aged over 65. There will also be growth amongst the 45+ category with traditionally higher disposable incomes. Meanwhile, the number of children under 10 will fall significantly, whilst the more technically proficient group of teenagers and young people in their early 20s will rise. Against this background, retailers must adapt their product offer accordingly to target particular market segments.
In terms of consumer shopping habits, 72 percent of households owned a car in 1998/1999, according to National Statistics, with the majority of consumers still using a car to shop. Nevertheless, the Government is attempting to reduce car usage in the future with, for example, levies proposed on parking and an improvement in the availability of public transport. At the same time, there is strong growth forecast in the usage of the Internet for shopping, as evidenced by retailers such as Tesco, which already has an e-commerce site, and lately, ASDA and J Sainsbury, which are also launching an e-commerce option.
Included in this report are two exclusive surveys carried out for Key Note. The first, undertaken by NOP, investigates consumer shopping habits, with a view to highlighting differences between usage of town or out-of-town shopping centres and probing preferred changes to town centres. The second survey was conducted by Key Note, with feedback having been obtained from shopping centre managers to identify key issues, as they see them, affecting their type of outlet. Key conclusions are that convenience is cited as the key reason for choosing a particular centre, with the obvious appeal of the town centre brought to the fore. Centre managers, along with consumers, would also like to see improvements in tenant mix to provide a wider selection.
Key Note forecasts that there will be growth in town-centre shopping centres over the period 2000 to 2005, with retail sales rising by an average of 5 percent per annum, given the number of centres which are planned to open and taking into account competition between individual centres and other external factors such as e-commerce.
Growth in out-of-town centres will be more limited, given the restrictions on development. However, sales are still anticipated to grow by an average of just over 3 percent per annum over the forecast period. It must also be acknowledged that, although standard shops are not covered within the scope of this report, the increasing investment in town-centre shopping centres is likely to benefit the development of the whole town centre, with some towns likely to prove more appealing to investors than others, given their respective consumer make-up.
Text © 2001 MAPS
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Last updated by Duncan Nottage 25th January 2001