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MP52201
MAPS RETAIL DEVELOPMENT MAY 2001
Overview

Editor: Market Assessment
ISBN:

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary 9
1. Introduction 11
Definitions 11
Town Centres 11
Out-Of-Town Developments 11
Shopping Centre 11
Out-Of-Town 12
District Centres 12
Regional Centres 12
Retail Warehouse Park 12
Factory Outlets 12
2. Strategic Overview 13
Market Dynamics And Segmentation 13
Table 1: Analysis of Retail Business by Number of Businesses and Turnover† (million and £bn), 1997-2000 13
Investment 14
Figure 1: Net Investment In the Retail Sector (£m),Average 1989-1999 15
Competitive structure 16
Shopping Centre League Table 16
Distribution 18
Table 5: Shopping Centre Opening Schemes by Type (000 square metres), 1965-2000 18
Restrictive Legislation Favours Town Centres 19
Current Geographical Distribution 20
Figure 2: Distribution of the Leading Shopping Centres by Vitality Score ( percent), 2000 21
Distribution of Shopping Centres Under Development 22
Table 7: Shopping Centres in the Pipeline by Region (000 square metres floorspace), 2000-Post 2002 22
Figure 3: Shopping Centres in the Pipeline by Region (000 square metres floorspace), 2000-post 2002 23
Retail And Leisure Developments 23
Advertising 24
Table 8: Main Media Advertising Expenditure by Shopping Centres, (£000), Year to Septem-ber 2000 25
The consumer 26
Time Spent Shopping 26
Number of Journeys 27
Mode of Transport 27
Table 9: Travel per Person per Year for Shopping, 1992/1994 and 1997/1999 27
Figure 4: Journeys Made per Person per Year for Shopping by Mode of Transport (average number of journeys), 1997-1999 29
Distance Travelled 30
Table 11: Distance Travelled for Shopping per Person per Year by Main Mode of Transport (number of miles), 1997-1999 30
Food Versus Non-Food Shopping 31
Mode of Transport 31
Table 12: Shopping Trips by Type of Shopping and Mode of Transport ( percent of journeys), 1998-1999 31
Figure 5: Shopping Trips by Type of Shopping and Mode of Transport ( percent of journeys), 1998-1999 32
Journey Length 32
Table 13: Shopping Trips by Average Journey Length (number of miles), 1998-1999 32
Most Popular Shopping Days 33
Use Of The Internet 33
Table 14: Shopping Trips by Type of Shopping and Day of the Week ( percent), 1998-1999 33
Demographic Changes 34
Market forecasts 34
3. Town-Centre Shopping Centres 35
Market Size 35
Shopping Centres in Development 36
Figure 5: Shopping Centres Development in the Pipeline (million square metres floorspace), 1991-September 2000 37
Scheduled Openings 37
Table 17: Number of Scheduled Openings of Town-Centre Shopping Centres by Size (000 square metres), 2000-post 2002 38
Rankings 39
Table 18: Major Town-Centre Shopping Centres Proposed for Completion (square metres gross), 2000-2002 39
Table 19: The Positive Impact Of Town-Centre Shopping Centres, 2000 41
Consumer Trends 42
Marketing Activity 43
4. Out-of-Town Shopping Centres 44
Market Size 44
Shopping Centres in Development 45
Figure 8: Shopping Centres Development in the Pipeline (million square metres), 1991-September 2000 46
Rankings 46
Marketing Activity 47
Retail Parks 48
Scheduled Parks 48
Factory Outlets 48
Table 23: Major Retail Warehouse Parks Proposed for Completion (square feet gross), 2000-2002 48
Scheduled Schemes 49
Figure 9: Factory Outlet Centres in the Pipeline†, (000 square metres), 2000 Onwards 49
Consumer Trends 50
5. An International Perspective 51
Competitor environment 51
The US 51
Australia 52
Westfield Holdings Ltd 52
Lend Lease Corporation 53
Europe 53
Market developments 53
Property Developers/Investors 54
Retailers 54
Consumer behaviour 54
6. PEST Analysis 55
Social factors 55
Technological Developments 55
Economic Factors 56
Political Involvement 56
Summary 57
7. Consumer Dynamics 58
Overview 58
NOP CONSUMER SURVEY 58
Table 27: Shopping Habits and Preferences, 2000 59
Shopping Preference by Location 60
Table 28: Food Shopping in the Town Centre, 2000 61
Table 29: Food Shopping at Out-of-Town Shopping Centres, 2000 62
Table 30: Shopping (Other Than Food) in Town Centres, 2000 63
Table 31: Shopping (Other Than Food) at Out-Of-Town Shopping Centres or Retail Parks, 2000 64
Key Reasons for Choice of Location 65
Table 32: Choice of Outlet is Due to Convenience, 2000 66
Table 33: Choice of Outlet is Due to Price, 2000 67
Table 34: Choice of Outlet is Due to an Attractive Shopping Environment, 2000 68
Table 35: Choice of Outlet is Due to Better Parking Facilities, 2000 9
Table 36: Choice of Outlet is Due to a Wider Choice of Goods, 2000 70
Distance and Preferred Method of Travel 71
Table 37: Distance Travelled to Shop for Food, 2000 72
Table 38: Mode of Transport Used to Do General Shopping, 2000 73
Usage of the Internet 74
Table 39: Shopping Using the Internet, 2000 75
Ideal Changes to Town Centres 76
Table 40: A Wider Choice of Outlets, 2000 77
Table 41: Town Centre Parking Facilities, 2000 78
The Shopping Centre Environment 79
Table 42: The Importance of Shop Decor and Layout , 2000 80
Centre managers’ survey 81
Overview 81
Town-Centre Shopping Centres 81
Appeal To Consumers 81
Attracting More Retailers 82
External Issues 82
Factory Outlets 82
Attracting More Consumers 82
Attracting More Retailers 83
External Issues 83
Out-Of-Town Shopping Centres/Retail Parks 83
Attracting More Retailers 83
External Issues 83
General Usage of the Internet 83
Comparisons Between the Two Surveys 84
8. Company Profiles 85
Leading Retailers 85
Table 43: The Top Ten Retail Companies by Turnover (£m), 1996/1997-1998/1999 85
Tesco plc 87
Corporate Strategy 87
Advertising 87
Table 44: Main Media Expenditure for Tesco PLC by Product Category (£000), Year to Sep-tember 2000 88
Profitability 89
Future Company Developments 89
ASDA group LTD 89
Market Developments 89
Corporate Strategy 90
Advertising 90
Table 45: Main Media Advertising Expenditure for ASDA Group Ltd by Product Category (£000), Year to September 2000 90
Profitability 91
Future Company Developments 91
Leading Property Developers 91
Land Securities PLC 92
Table 46: Financial Results Of Leading Property Developers by Turnover and Pre-Tax Profit (£m), 1999/2000 92
Liberty international plc 93
Mepc LTD 93
slough estates plc 94
Capital shopping centres plc 94
Hammerson plc 94
Great portlan estates plc 95
Capital & regional plc 95
Grosvenor group Holdings LTD 95
9. The Future 97
Table 47: Number of Scheduled Openings of Town-Centre and Out-of-Town Shopping Cen-tres (000 square metres), 2000-post 2002 98
Figure 10: Forecast Value of Sales Through Shopping Centres at Current Prices(£bn), 2001-2005 99
Table 48: Forecast Value of Sales Through Shopping Centres at Current Prices(£bn), 2001-2005 99
10. Sources 100
Glossary of Terms 103
A-Z of Definitions 103
Above-the-Line or Main Media Expenditure 103
Annual Growth Rate 103
Below-the-Line Advertising 103
Cif 103
Constant Prices 103
Current Prices 103
Fob 103
Forecasts 104
MSP 104
‘Real’ 104
RSP 104
About the sources used 104
ACNielsen MMS 104
Prodcom 104
NOP 105
Trade Association Data 105
Trade Sources 105
Key Note Research 106
The Range of Reports 107

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Building upon the success of its 1999 report on Out-Of-Town Shopping, Key Note has produced a second Market Assessment report on retail development, covering both the town-centre and out-of-town sectors, with a view to investigating the factors which will shape the future of the retail market. Out-of-town centres are generally recognised as having been introduced to the UK market in the mid-1970s, although some sources believe this to be earlier, depending upon definition of shopping centre size and location. The out-of-town market in this report is taken to include non-town-centre shopping centres, retail parks and factory outlets, although some of the latter may be located close to a town centre.

Since the introduction of Planning Policy Guideline PPG6, issued in 1996, there has been a shift in policy towards town-centre developments. This has been led by both social and environmental concerns about sustaining the vitality of town centres and ideally promoting the usage of forms of transport other than the car. Consequently, town centres accounted for all scheduled shopping centre openings towards the end of 2000, and this looks set to continue into the foreseeable future.

The retail market itself is estimated to have sales of over £200bn, with food sales representing the largest proportion of this. The market has seen dynamic change amongst individual retailers, with Wal-Mart, for example, purchasing ASDA in July 1999, and there is constant news of restructuring amongst clothes chains, from Marks and Spencer to C&A (Head Office) and Arcadia. Faced with e-commerce, restrictions on space and a need to attract the consumer to particular locations, there has been an increase in the number of mixed-use schemes, with retail and leisure developments particularly increasing. Shopping centres actively market themselves to attract consumers, with some £18.5m being spent by key UK shopping centres for the year ending September 2000 alone, according to ACNielsen MMS.

There are six large shopping centres in the UK and all are out-of-town - Bluewater (Kent), Meadowhall (Sheffield), Lakeside (Thurrock), Metro Centre (Gateshead), Trafford Centre (Manchester) and Merryhill (Birmingham). Nevertheless, recent town-centre openings, such as the Buchanan Galleries in Glasgow, are testimony to the increasing draw of town centres.

On an international scale, the US is generally recognised as the birthplace of shopping centres and currently has over 44,000 in existence. Nevertheless, the European market appears attractive to foreign investors, with property developers such as Westfield Holdings Ltd and Lend Lease Corporation, amongst many others, gaining a number of stakes in the market.

As the ultimate driving force behind retail development, the consumer is the starting point for anticipating retail trends. The profile of the UK population is changing significantly, and by 2011, a fifth will be aged over 65. There will also be growth amongst the 45+ category with traditionally higher disposable incomes. Meanwhile, the number of children under 10 will fall significantly, whilst the more technically proficient group of teenagers and young people in their early 20s will rise. Against this background, retailers must adapt their product offer accordingly to target particular market segments.

In terms of consumer shopping habits, 72 percent of households owned a car in 1998/1999, according to National Statistics, with the majority of consumers still using a car to shop. Nevertheless, the Government is attempting to reduce car usage in the future with, for example, levies proposed on parking and an improvement in the availability of public transport. At the same time, there is strong growth forecast in the usage of the Internet for shopping, as evidenced by retailers such as Tesco, which already has an e-commerce site, and lately, ASDA and J Sainsbury, which are also launching an e-commerce option.

Included in this report are two exclusive surveys carried out for Key Note. The first, undertaken by NOP, investigates consumer shopping habits, with a view to highlighting differences between usage of town or out-of-town shopping centres and probing preferred changes to town centres. The second survey was conducted by Key Note, with feedback having been obtained from shopping centre managers to identify key issues, as they see them, affecting their type of outlet. Key conclusions are that convenience is cited as the key reason for choosing a particular centre, with the obvious appeal of the town centre brought to the fore. Centre managers, along with consumers, would also like to see improvements in tenant mix to provide a wider selection.

Key Note forecasts that there will be growth in town-centre shopping centres over the period 2000 to 2005, with retail sales rising by an average of 5 percent per annum, given the number of centres which are planned to open and taking into account competition between individual centres and other external factors such as e-commerce.

Growth in out-of-town centres will be more limited, given the restrictions on development. However, sales are still anticipated to grow by an average of just over 3 percent per annum over the forecast period. It must also be acknowledged that, although standard shops are not covered within the scope of this report, the increasing investment in town-centre shopping centres is likely to benefit the development of the whole town centre, with some towns likely to prove more appealing to investors than others, given their respective consumer make-up.

Text © 2001 MAPS

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Last updated by Duncan Nottage 25th January 2001