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| MAPS : European Electricity Industry: 2004 |
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
| This Key Note Market Assessment report on the European electricity industry provides an analysis of progress towards the complete liberation of the market, which will enable all customers to have a choice of electricity supplier. There is currently an uneven situation, with some countries having had an open market for years and others having experienced slow progress. However, creating the open market was made more complex as a result of the ten new states that joined the EU in May 2004. Some of these new members have state-controlled industries that need to be restructured to provide the basis for a competitive electricity market. |
| The opening of the EU electricity market is being driven by the Electricity Directive, which aims to open the market completely by 2007. Throughout the opening of the market, a staged approach has been adopted. This began with very large customers, followed by further openings for smaller customers and, finally, liberation for the domestic market. In 2007, it is anticipated that the market will be open to households — the final group of customers. |
| A country-by-country analysis of the EU electricity market — which comprises an account of market structure, electricity demand/production/generating statistics and profiles of major players in each country — is provided in this report. As well as discussing key issues relating to full and fair market opening, this report examines the competitive position held by major companies in the EU. In some countries, there are some very powerful organisations, which can give little opportunity for the entry of new players. |
| The separation of generation, transmission, distribution and supply to avoid companies having undue influence on the supply of electricity in any specific geographical area must be resolved before a truly competitive market can operate. In addition, access to transmission systems across the EU are receiving attention from the European Commission (EC). |
| The EU electricity industry is making greater use of gas for power generation. As European gas production declines, the EU will become ever reliant on gas supplies from outside the region. In future, the EU will be trading with countries with very different politics and cultures from those operating within the EU. In a world where terrorist activities are not uncommon, there is a risk of gas/electricity supplies being disrupted. |
| There are various views regarding the future of nuclear power within the EU; some countries have a strong policy on this, others have a non-nuclear policy and some are unclear what its future should be. |
| Environmental issues are now important in the EU electricity industry, with requirements to reduce carbon emissions. EU targets for renewable energy aim to cut carbon emissions and reduce dependence on conventional thermal sources. |
| Overall, with further countries already seeking EU membership, much work needs to be completed before a truly open, competitive and fair market will be achieved. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Executive Summary |
| 1. Introduction |
| OVERVIEW |
| DEFINITION |
| Electricity Generation |
| Electricity Transmission |
| Electricity Distribution |
| Electricity Supply |
| EU LEGISLATION |
| EXPANDED EU |
| Table 1: EU-25 Population by Country (000), 2003 |
| 2. Strategic Overview |
| market dynamics |
| Degree of Liberalisation |
| Table 2: Extent of Open Competition in the EU Electricity Market by Country (% and terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Electricity Demand |
| Table 3: Total Electricity Demand in the EU by Country (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Generating Capacity |
| Table 4: Total Net Generating Capacity of Electricity in the EU by Country (megawatts), 2003 |
| Electricity Production |
| Table 5: Total Net Electricity Production in the EU by Country (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Energy Sources |
| Table 6: Total Net Electricity Production in the EU by Source by Country (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| 3. Current Issues |
| COMPLETION OF THE INTERNAL MARKET |
| Network Access |
| Regulation |
| Unbundling |
| INFLUENCE OF MAJOR ELECTRICITY GENERATORS |
| Table 7: Market Share of the Largest Three Generators† in EU-25 Countries (%), 2003 |
| LOCAL REGIONAL MARKETS |
| TRANSMISSION NETWORK CONGESTION |
| SUSTAINABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY |
| Table 8: Security of Electricity Supply and Reserve Generation Capacity (%), 2003 |
| CORPORATE ACTIVITY |
| 4. Austria |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 9: Total Net Electricity Production in Austria by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major companies |
| EVN AG |
| Verbundgesellschaft |
| Other Companies |
| 5. Belgium |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 10: Total Net Electricity Production in Belgium by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Electrabel |
| 6. Cyprus |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 11: Total Net Electricity Production in Cyprus by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Electricity Authority of Cyprus |
| 7. The Czech Republic |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 12: Total Net Electricity Production in the Czech Republic by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| CEPS |
| CEZ |
| 8. Denmark |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 13: Total Net Electricity Production in Denmark by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Elkraft |
| Other Companies |
| 9. Estonia |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Major Companies |
| Eesti Energia |
| 10. Finland |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 14: Total Net Electricity Production in Finland by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Pohjolan Voima |
| Fortum |
| 11. France |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 15: Total Net Electricity Production in France by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Electricité de France |
| Other Companies |
| 12. Germany |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 16: Total Net Electricity Production in Germany by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| RWE AG |
| E.ON |
| Other Companies |
| 13. Greece |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 17: Total Net Electricity Production in Greece by Source (terawatt hours), 2002 |
| Major Companies |
| Public Power Corporation |
| 14. Hungary |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 18: Total Net Electricity Production in Hungary by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| MVM |
| Other Companies |
| 23. The Republic of Ireland |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 27: Total Net Electricity Production in the Republic of Ireland by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Electricity Supply Board |
| Other Companies |
| 15. Italy |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 19: Total Net Electricity Production in Italy by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| ENEL |
| Other Companies |
| 16. Latvia |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 20: Total Net Electricity Production in Latvia by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Latvenergo |
| 17. Lithuania |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 21: Total Net Electricity Production in Lithuania by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Lietuvos Energija AB |
| 18. Luxembourg |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 22: Total Net Electricity Production in Luxembourg by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Cegedel Participations SA |
| Other Companies |
| 19. Malta |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 23: Total Net Electricity Production in Malta by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Enemalta Corporation |
| 20. The Netherlands |
| Market Structure |
| Power Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 24: Total Net Electricity Production in the Netherlands by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Essent NV |
| Nuon |
| Other Companies |
| 21. Poland |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 25: Total Net Electricity Production in Poland by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| PSE SA |
| Other Companies |
| 22. Portugal |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 26: Total Net Electricity Production in Portugal by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Electricidade de Portugal |
| Other Companies |
| 24. The Slovak Republic |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 28: Total Net Electricity Production in the Slovak Republic by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| 25. Slovenia |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 29: Total Net Electricity Production in Slovenia by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| 26. Spain |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 30: Total Net Electricity Production in Spain by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Endesa |
| Iberdrola SA |
| Other Companies |
| 27. Sweden |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 31: Total Net Electricity Production in Sweden by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| Vattenfall AB |
| Sydkraft AB |
| Other Companies |
| 28. The UK |
| Market Structure |
| Electricity Demand, Production and Generating Capacity |
| Table 32: Total Net Electricity Production in the UK by Source (terawatt hours), 2003 |
| Major Companies |
| EDF Energy |
| E.ON UK |
| RWE Npower |
| ScottishPower |
| Other Companies |
| 29. Pest Analysis |
| POLITICAL FACTORS |
| Primary Energy Supplies |
| Terrorist Activities |
| Nuclear Power Plant |
| Fair Competition |
| ECONOMIC FACTORS |
| Rising Electricity Prices |
| Financial Burden of Environmental Controls |
| Infrastructure Investment |
| SOCIAL FACTORS |
| Electricity Blackouts |
| Fuel Poverty |
| Internet Transactions |
| TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS |
| Renewable Energy |
| Remote Metering |
| 30. The Future |
| Completion of the Single Electricity Market |
| Further EU Expansion |
| Electricity TRading |
| Electricity Marketing and Switching of Suppliers |
| Skills, TRaining and Outsourcing |
| Renewable Energy |
| Environmental |
| FORECASTS FOR ELECTRICITY DEMAND |
| Table 33: Forecast Total Annual Electricity Demand in the EU (terawatt hours), 2005, 2010 and 2020 |
| 31. Further Sources |
| Associations |
| Government Publications |
| Bonnier Information Sources |
Text © 2004 Key Note
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