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MP29024
MAPS : Cooking and Eating : November 2004

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This report covers: cooking and eating, helath issues, salt content, children's food, fortifies food, cancer hazard in prepacked salad, obesity, The Atkins Diet,; The GI Diet, allergies, mercury, ecruric adic, eating out,snack foodsk organic foodk vegerarrian foodk brand extension, online shopping and home delivery, functional food, ethnic foods, fairtrade food, soya products, negtive factors, quality, food safety, food poisoning,contaminated meat, entering the food chain, factory farming methods, genetically-modified food, 'You Are What You Eat', advertising to children, food labelling, misleading labelling, five a day, workplace snacking, school meals, food in schools, fruit in schools, initiative, eating disorders, image obsession, diet, contract catering,producers, growers, fishermen,

Companies covered include: Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Food and Drink Federation, The Food Chain Group, The, Food COmmission,Cup-a-Soup+Crunch, Fox's Biscuits, Heinz Tomato Soup, Kellogg's, KFC Rice Bowls, Konopizza, Krispy Krème, Pizza Factory, Rosemary Conley, Weight Watchers, British Heart Foundation, BT, BurgerKing, Ltd, Disney and Tesco, Kit Kat, Little Chef, London Health Commission, MCDonalds, sainsburys, Scottish Quality Salmon, Sid the Slug, Domino's Pizza UK, IRL, Cranswick, Associated British Foods, Nestlé SA, Northern Foods, Unilever, Group, Uniq, ASDA, Sainsbury's, Supermarkets, Tesco, Wm Morrison, Morrisons,Foodserve Groups, Alpha Airports,

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Executive Summary
There is no shortage of food in the UK and supply is no longer seasonal in a global industry. Consumers have come to expect cheap food and, in many cases, are unwilling to pay more for quality or local produce rather than that produced by intensive modern industrial agriculture.
Diet is linked to physical health, emotional well-being, behaviour, concentration and performance, and has implications for the provision of healthcare. Today's hectic pace means that eating is increasingly fitting into people's lifestyles rather than regular mealtimes structuring people's lives. A shortage of time, cooking skills and interest in food means that `refuelling on the go' has become the routine for many. That is not to say that there are no enthusiastic `foodies' left, who find preparing meals relaxing, satisfying, creative and enjoy cooking for others, but they are apparently no longer the majority.
From an early age eating is associated with security and comfort and, in later life, is an intrinsic part of social life and a ritualistic element of major celebrations such as weddings and Christmas. Families who do not sit down to a meal together regularly miss an important social occasion and the opportunity to show interest in one another.
According to some predictions, today's generation of children will be the first for over a century for whom life expectancy falls. Former killer diseases such as whooping cough, smallpox and diphtheria may have been virtually eradicated but the largely self-inflicted one of obesity has replaced them. Evidence from the Select Committee on Health suggests that people are, generally speaking, aware of what constitutes a healthy diet but face various barriers to their putting this into practice. In the absence of practical cookery lessons, children and young people are growing up without the skills to prepare healthy meals, compounding reliance on convenience, energy-dense foods that are high in calories without being correspondingly filling. In simple terms, obesity is caused by consuming more calories than energy expenditure requires. The Select Committee estimates that only just over a third of men and around a quarter of women achieve the Department of Health's target of 30 minutes of physical activity five times a week, while a fifth of boys and girls undertake less than 30 minutes' activity a day. So serious is the problem of obesity-related disease that some sort of government intervention is expected by 2007 and the food industry is under intense pressure to reduce sugar, salt and fat levels in its products, or face `naming and shaming' and tighter regulation.
Some people may resent what they perceive to be dictatorial interference as to what they should or should not eat. Banning the sale of beef on the bone during the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis was seen by many as unwarranted interference from a `nanny state'; more recently, a health authority was the subject of some ridicule for banning the Women's Institute from taking home-baked cakes into hospital wards, a practice they had carried out for years. However, the Health Select Committee report published in May 2004 concluded that:
"We note that it is difficult to establish the impact of any individual measure to combat so complex and challenging an issue as obesity; this is not, in our view, an excuse to delay and measures must be taken to tackle the nation's diet and its levels of activity. We acknowledge the responsibility of the individual in respect of his or her own health but believe that the Government must resist inaction caused by political anxiety over accusations of `nanny statism'."
This report looks at how cooking and eating habits are affected by lifestyles, economic restraints, awareness of diet, lack of cooking skills, physiological, psychological, religious, ethical and cultural issues. To assist its compilation, exclusive consumer research was carried out to ascertain what factors had most contributed to any change in eating habits in recent years. As in similar surveys conducted for previous Key Note Market Assessment reports on cooking and eating habits, the most commonly cited factor was a greater awareness of dietary requirements and effects on health. However, the percentage in 2004 saying this had declined from 2003, which in turn had decreased from 2001 and 1999. One might hope that this is because the message on diet and health was firmly taken on board years before but, given the state of the nation's health, it is more likely to be a reflection of ignorance or, worse, indifference.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary
 
1. Introduction
 
BACKGROUND
 
DEFINITION
 
2. Strategic Overview
 
FACTORS INFLUENCING COOKING AND EATING HABITS
 
Economic Position
 
Availability of Produce
 
Availability of Equipment
 
Table 1: Household Access to Domestic Appliances by Sex (% of adults), 2002
 
Availability of Time
 
Lifestyle
 
Lack of Skill
 
Composition of Households
 
Organisational Skills
 
Health Issues
 
Salt Content
 
Children's Food
 
Fortified Food
 
Cancer Hazard in Prepacked Salad
 
Obesity
 
The Atkins Diet
 
The GI Diet
 
Allergies
 
Mercury
 
Ecruric Acid
 
Eating Out
 
MARKET DYNAMICS AND SEGMENTATION
 
Household Expenditure on Food in the Home
 
Table 2: Consumer Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drink by Sector at Current Prices (£m), 1999-2003
 
Household Expenditure on Food Outside the Home
 
Table 3: Consumer Expenditure on Catering Services at Current Prices (£m), 1999-2003
 
Average Weekly Household Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drink and Catering Services
 
By Gross Income Decile Group
 
Table 4: Average Household Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drink and Catering Services by Gross Income Decile Group (£ per week), 2002/2003
 
By Age of Household Reference Person
 
By Geographic Region
 
Growth Markets
 
Snack Foods
 
Organic Food
 
Vegetarian Food
 
Brand Extension
 
Online Shopping and Home Delivery
 
Functional Foods
 
Ethnic Foods
 
Fairtrade Food
 
Soya Products
 
Negative Factors
 
Quality
 
Food Safety
 
Food Poisoning
 
Contaminated Meat Entering the Food Chain
 
Factory Farming Methods
 
Genetically-Modified Food
 
Legislation Governing Food Supply
 
Regulatory and Advisory Bodies and Pressure Groups
 
Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
 
Food Standards Agency
 
The European Food Safety Authority
 
Food and Drink Federation
 
The Food Chain Group
 
The Food Commission (UK) Ltd
 
Joint Health Claims Initiative
 
DISTRIBUTION
 
Table 5: Place of Purchase of Selected Foods (% of total expenditure), 2002/2003
 
COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE
 
Corporate Strategies in the Current Climate
 
New Product Development
 
Cup-a-Soup + Crunch
 
Carb Options
 
Fox's Biscuits
 
Go Lower Carb Counters
 
Heinz Tomato Soup
 
Kellogg's
 
KFC Rice Bowls
 
Konopizza
 
Krispy Krème
 
Pizza Factory
 
Rosemary Conley
 
Weight Watchers
 
ADVERTISING
 
Main Media Advertising Expenditure
 
Table 6: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Food Categories (£000), Year Ending June 2004
 
Advertising and Promotional News
 
British Heart Foundation
 
BT
 
BurgerKing Ltd
 
Disney and Tesco
 
Kellogg's
 
Kit Kat
 
Little Chef
 
London Health Commission
 
McDonald's
 
Sainsbury's
 
Scottish Quality Salmon
 
Sid the Slug
 
Sponsorship
 
Domino's Pizza UK & IRL PLC
 
Brand Extension
 
`You Are What You Eat'
 
Advertising to Children
 
Food Labelling
 
Misleading Labelling
 
Five a Day
 
THE CONSUMER
 
MARKET FORECASTS
 
3. Types of Foods Consumed
 
NATIONAL DIET AND NUTRITION SURVEY
 
Variations by Sex
 
Table 7: Selected Foods Consumed in 7 Days by Sex of Respondents (% of men and women consuming), July 2000-June 2001
 
Variations by Age
 
Table 8: Selected Foods Consumed in 7 Days by Age of Respondents (% of men and women consuming), July 2000-June 2001
 
Table 9: Respondents Consuming Portions of Fruit and Vegetables in a Week by Number of Portions and Sex of Respondent (cumulative %), July 2000-June 2001
 
Variations by Region
 
Variations in Households in Receipt of Benefits
 
4. Eating Habits
 
MODERN LIVING
 
BREAKFAST
 
THE TEA BREAK
 
LUNCHEON AND SNACKING HABITS
 
The Working Day
 
The Eurest Lunchtime Report 2004
 
Incidence and Duration of Lunch Break
 
Expenditure on Lunch
 
Choice of Lunch
 
Table 10: Factors Influencing Choice of Lunch (% of respondents), 2002 and 2004
 
Where Workers Bought Lunch
 
Workplace Snacking
 
What Employees Would Like from Employers
 
School Meals
 
Recent Initiatives
 
The Education (Nutritional Standards for School Lunches) (England) Regulations 2000
 
Food in Schools
 
Fruit in Schools Initiative
 
School Food Committees
 
The 2002 Sodexho School Meals and Lifestyle Survey
 
Criticism of School Catering
 
THE EVENING MEAL
 
THE UNIVERSITY LIFESTYLE SURVEY
 
AWARENESS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF DIET
 
ACCOUNTABILITY
 
AWARENESS OF ETHICAL FACTORS
 
THE ETHNIC POPULATION
 
THE CHILDREN'S MARKET
 
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING EATING HABITS
 
Eating Disorders
 
Image Obsession
 
Table 11: Respondents who Reported Dieting to Lose Weight by Sex and Age (%), 2002
 
Retraining the Mind
 
5. An International Perspective
 
DIET
 
SUPPLIERS
 
CONTRACT CATERING
 
6. PEST Analysis
 
POLITICAL FACTORS
 
ECONOMIC FACTORS
 
SOCIAL FACTORS
 
TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
 
7. Consumer Dynamics
 
OVERVIEW
 
Table 12: Summary of Responses (% of respondents), 2004
 
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS
 
"More Awareness Of Dietary Requirements And Effects On Health"
 
"A Desire To Lose Weight"
 
Table 13: More Awareness of Dietary Requirements and Effects on Health, and/or a Desire to Lose Weight (% of respondents), 2004
 
"Change In Taste And Preference"
 
"Change In The Amount Of Leisure Time
 
Table 14: Change in Taste and Preference, and Change in the Amount of Leisure Time (% of respondents), 2004
 
"Change In Household Structure, e.g. Starting A Family, Children Leaving Home, Divorce"
 
"Concern About Animal Welfare, Environment And/Or Free Trade Production"
 
Table 15: Change in Household Structure, and Concern about Animal Welfare, Environment and/or Free Trade Production (% of respondents), 2004
 
"Change In Disposable Income"
 
"Change In Availability Of Ingredients, Convenience Foods, etc."
 
Table 16: Change in Disposable Income, and Change in Availability of Ingredients, Convenience Foods, etc. (% of respondents), 2004
 
"Moving House, Which Has Meant A Change In Shopping/Eating Out Venues"
 
"Following A TV Or Further Education Cookery Course Or Buying New Cookery Books"
 
Table 17: Moving House, and Following a Television or Further Education Cookery Course or Buying New Cookery Books (% of respondents), 2004
 
8. Supplier Profiles
 
INTRODUCTION
 
FOOD SUPPLIERS
 
Producers/Growers
 
Fishermen
 
FOOD MANUFACTURERS/PROCESSORS
 
Associated British Foods PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 18: Financial Results for Associated British Foods PLC (£m), Years Ending 14th September 2002 and 13th September 2003
 
Cranswick PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 19: Financial Results for Cranswick PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st March 2003 and 2004
 
Nestlé SA
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 20: Financial Results for Nestlé (CHF m), Years Ending 31st December 2002 and 2003
 
Northern Foods PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 21: Financial Results for Northern Foods PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st March 2003 and 3rd April 2004
 
Unilever Group
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 22: Financial Results for Unilever Group's Foods Division (£bn), Years Ending 31st December 2002 and 2003
 
Uniq PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 23: Financial Results for Uniq PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st March 2003 and 2004
 
FOOD RETAILERS
 
ASDA Group Ltd
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 24: Financial Results for ASDA Group Ltd (£m), Years Ending 31st December 2001 and 2002
 
Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 25: Financial Results for Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd (£m), Years Ending 30th March 2002 and 29th March 2003
 
Tesco PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 26: Financial Results for Tesco PLC (£m), Years Ending 22nd February 2003 and 28th February 2004
 
Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 27: Financial Results for Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC (£m), Years Ending 2nd February 2003 and 1st February 2004
 
FOOD AWAY FROM HOME
 
Foodservice Groups
 
Alpha Airports Group PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 28: Financial Results for Alpha Airports Group PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st January 2003 and 2004
 
Compass Group PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 29: Financial Results for Compass Group PLC by Geographic Area (£m), Years Ending 30th September 2002 and 2003
 
Table 30: Interim Results for Compass Group PLC by Geographic Area (£m), 6 Months Ending 31st March 2003 and 2004
 
Sodexho Alliance SA
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 31: Financial Results for Sodexho Alliance SA (ebn and em), Years Ending 31st August 2002 and 2003
 
Public Houses, Restaurants and Takeaways
 
BurgerKing Ltd
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 32: Financial Results for BurgerKing Ltd (£m), Years Ending 30th June 2002 and 2003
 
Greene King PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 33: Financial Results for Greene King PLC (£m), Years Ending 4th May 2003 and 2nd May 2004
 
JD Wetherspoon PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 34: Financial Results for JD Wetherspoon PLC (£m), Years Ending 28th July 2002 and 27th July 2003
 
The Restaurant Group PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 35: Financial Results for The Restaurant Group PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st December 2002 and 2003
 
Whitbread PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 36: Financial Results for Whitbread PLC (£m), Years Ending 1st March 2003 and 4th March 2004
 
Home Delivery
 
Domino's Pizza UK & IRL PLC
 
Corporate Strategy
 
Profitability
 
Table 37: Financial Results for Domino's Pizza UK & IRL PLC (£m), Years Ending 29th December 2002 and 28th December 2003
 
9. The Future
 
THE FOOD MARKET
 
FOOD LABELLING AND ADVERTISING
 
EATING HABITS
 
THE WORKPLACE
 
10. Further Sources
 
Associations
 
Publications
 
General Sources
 
Government Publications
 
Other Sources
 
Bonnier Information Sources

Text © 2004 Key Note

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