| MP29024 |
| MAPS : Cooking and Eating : November 2004 |
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This report covers: cooking and eating, helath issues, salt content, children's food, fortifies food, cancer hazard in prepacked salad, obesity, The Atkins Diet,; The GI Diet, allergies, mercury, ecruric adic, eating out,snack foodsk organic foodk vegerarrian foodk brand extension, online shopping and home delivery, functional food, ethnic foods, fairtrade food, soya products, negtive factors, quality, food safety, food poisoning,contaminated meat, entering the food chain, factory farming methods, genetically-modified food, 'You Are What You Eat', advertising to children, food labelling, misleading labelling, five a day, workplace snacking, school meals, food in schools, fruit in schools, initiative, eating disorders, image obsession, diet, contract catering,producers, growers, fishermen,
Companies covered include: Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Food and Drink Federation, The Food Chain Group, The, Food COmmission,Cup-a-Soup+Crunch, Fox's Biscuits, Heinz Tomato Soup, Kellogg's, KFC Rice Bowls, Konopizza, Krispy Krème, Pizza Factory, Rosemary Conley, Weight Watchers, British Heart Foundation, BT, BurgerKing, Ltd, Disney and Tesco, Kit Kat, Little Chef, London Health Commission, MCDonalds, sainsburys, Scottish Quality Salmon, Sid the Slug, Domino's Pizza UK, IRL, Cranswick, Associated British Foods, Nestlé SA, Northern Foods, Unilever, Group, Uniq, ASDA, Sainsbury's, Supermarkets, Tesco, Wm Morrison, Morrisons,Foodserve Groups, Alpha Airports,
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
| Executive Summary |
| There is no shortage of food in the UK and supply is no longer seasonal in a global industry. Consumers have come to expect cheap food and, in many cases, are unwilling to pay more for quality or local produce rather than that produced by intensive modern industrial agriculture. |
| Diet is linked to physical health, emotional well-being, behaviour, concentration and performance, and has implications for the provision of healthcare. Today's hectic pace means that eating is increasingly fitting into people's lifestyles rather than regular mealtimes structuring people's lives. A shortage of time, cooking skills and interest in food means that `refuelling on the go' has become the routine for many. That is not to say that there are no enthusiastic `foodies' left, who find preparing meals relaxing, satisfying, creative and enjoy cooking for others, but they are apparently no longer the majority. |
| From an early age eating is associated with security and comfort and, in later life, is an intrinsic part of social life and a ritualistic element of major celebrations such as weddings and Christmas. Families who do not sit down to a meal together regularly miss an important social occasion and the opportunity to show interest in one another. |
| According to some predictions, today's generation of children will be the first for over a century for whom life expectancy falls. Former killer diseases such as whooping cough, smallpox and diphtheria may have been virtually eradicated but the largely self-inflicted one of obesity has replaced them. Evidence from the Select Committee on Health suggests that people are, generally speaking, aware of what constitutes a healthy diet but face various barriers to their putting this into practice. In the absence of practical cookery lessons, children and young people are growing up without the skills to prepare healthy meals, compounding reliance on convenience, energy-dense foods that are high in calories without being correspondingly filling. In simple terms, obesity is caused by consuming more calories than energy expenditure requires. The Select Committee estimates that only just over a third of men and around a quarter of women achieve the Department of Health's target of 30 minutes of physical activity five times a week, while a fifth of boys and girls undertake less than 30 minutes' activity a day. So serious is the problem of obesity-related disease that some sort of government intervention is expected by 2007 and the food industry is under intense pressure to reduce sugar, salt and fat levels in its products, or face `naming and shaming' and tighter regulation. |
| Some people may resent what they perceive to be dictatorial interference as to what they should or should not eat. Banning the sale of beef on the bone during the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis was seen by many as unwarranted interference from a `nanny state'; more recently, a health authority was the subject of some ridicule for banning the Women's Institute from taking home-baked cakes into hospital wards, a practice they had carried out for years. However, the Health Select Committee report published in May 2004 concluded that: |
| "We note that it is difficult to establish the impact of any individual measure to combat so complex and challenging an issue as obesity; this is not, in our view, an excuse to delay and measures must be taken to tackle the nation's diet and its levels of activity. We acknowledge the responsibility of the individual in respect of his or her own health but believe that the Government must resist inaction caused by political anxiety over accusations of `nanny statism'." |
| This report looks at how cooking and eating habits are affected by lifestyles, economic restraints, awareness of diet, lack of cooking skills, physiological, psychological, religious, ethical and cultural issues. To assist its compilation, exclusive consumer research was carried out to ascertain what factors had most contributed to any change in eating habits in recent years. As in similar surveys conducted for previous Key Note Market Assessment reports on cooking and eating habits, the most commonly cited factor was a greater awareness of dietary requirements and effects on health. However, the percentage in 2004 saying this had declined from 2003, which in turn had decreased from 2001 and 1999. One might hope that this is because the message on diet and health was firmly taken on board years before but, given the state of the nation's health, it is more likely to be a reflection of ignorance or, worse, indifference. |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Executive Summary |
| 1. Introduction |
| BACKGROUND |
| DEFINITION |
| 2. Strategic Overview |
| FACTORS INFLUENCING COOKING AND EATING HABITS |
| Economic Position |
| Availability of Produce |
| Availability of Equipment |
| Table 1: Household Access to Domestic Appliances by Sex (% of adults), 2002 |
| Availability of Time |
| Lifestyle |
| Lack of Skill |
| Composition of Households |
| Organisational Skills |
| Health Issues |
| Salt Content |
| Children's Food |
| Fortified Food |
| Cancer Hazard in Prepacked Salad |
| Obesity |
| The Atkins Diet |
| The GI Diet |
| Allergies |
| Mercury |
| Ecruric Acid |
| Eating Out |
| MARKET DYNAMICS AND SEGMENTATION |
| Household Expenditure on Food in the Home |
| Table 2: Consumer Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drink by Sector at Current Prices (£m), 1999-2003 |
| Household Expenditure on Food Outside the Home |
| Table 3: Consumer Expenditure on Catering Services at Current Prices (£m), 1999-2003 |
| Average Weekly Household Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drink and Catering Services |
| By Gross Income Decile Group |
| Table 4: Average Household Expenditure on Food and Non-Alcoholic Drink and Catering Services by Gross Income Decile Group (£ per week), 2002/2003 |
| By Age of Household Reference Person |
| By Geographic Region |
| Growth Markets |
| Snack Foods |
| Organic Food |
| Vegetarian Food |
| Brand Extension |
| Online Shopping and Home Delivery |
| Functional Foods |
| Ethnic Foods |
| Fairtrade Food |
| Soya Products |
| Negative Factors |
| Quality |
| Food Safety |
| Food Poisoning |
| Contaminated Meat Entering the Food Chain |
| Factory Farming Methods |
| Genetically-Modified Food |
| Legislation Governing Food Supply |
| Regulatory and Advisory Bodies and Pressure Groups |
| Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs |
| Food Standards Agency |
| The European Food Safety Authority |
| Food and Drink Federation |
| The Food Chain Group |
| The Food Commission (UK) Ltd |
| Joint Health Claims Initiative |
| DISTRIBUTION |
| Table 5: Place of Purchase of Selected Foods (% of total expenditure), 2002/2003 |
| COMPETITIVE STRUCTURE |
| Corporate Strategies in the Current Climate |
| New Product Development |
| Cup-a-Soup + Crunch |
| Carb Options |
| Fox's Biscuits |
| Go Lower Carb Counters |
| Heinz Tomato Soup |
| Kellogg's |
| KFC Rice Bowls |
| Konopizza |
| Krispy Krème |
| Pizza Factory |
| Rosemary Conley |
| Weight Watchers |
| ADVERTISING |
| Main Media Advertising Expenditure |
| Table 6: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Food Categories (£000), Year Ending June 2004 |
| Advertising and Promotional News |
| British Heart Foundation |
| BT |
| BurgerKing Ltd |
| Disney and Tesco |
| Kellogg's |
| Kit Kat |
| Little Chef |
| London Health Commission |
| McDonald's |
| Sainsbury's |
| Scottish Quality Salmon |
| Sid the Slug |
| Sponsorship |
| Domino's Pizza UK & IRL PLC |
| Brand Extension |
| `You Are What You Eat' |
| Advertising to Children |
| Food Labelling |
| Misleading Labelling |
| Five a Day |
| THE CONSUMER |
| MARKET FORECASTS |
| 3. Types of Foods Consumed |
| NATIONAL DIET AND NUTRITION SURVEY |
| Variations by Sex |
| Table 7: Selected Foods Consumed in 7 Days by Sex of Respondents (% of men and women consuming), July 2000-June 2001 |
| Variations by Age |
| Table 8: Selected Foods Consumed in 7 Days by Age of Respondents (% of men and women consuming), July 2000-June 2001 |
| Table 9: Respondents Consuming Portions of Fruit and Vegetables in a Week by Number of Portions and Sex of Respondent (cumulative %), July 2000-June 2001 |
| Variations by Region |
| Variations in Households in Receipt of Benefits |
| 4. Eating Habits |
| MODERN LIVING |
| BREAKFAST |
| THE TEA BREAK |
| LUNCHEON AND SNACKING HABITS |
| The Working Day |
| The Eurest Lunchtime Report 2004 |
| Incidence and Duration of Lunch Break |
| Expenditure on Lunch |
| Choice of Lunch |
| Table 10: Factors Influencing Choice of Lunch (% of respondents), 2002 and 2004 |
| Where Workers Bought Lunch |
| Workplace Snacking |
| What Employees Would Like from Employers |
| School Meals |
| Recent Initiatives |
| The Education (Nutritional Standards for School Lunches) (England) Regulations 2000 |
| Food in Schools |
| Fruit in Schools Initiative |
| School Food Committees |
| The 2002 Sodexho School Meals and Lifestyle Survey |
| Criticism of School Catering |
| THE EVENING MEAL |
| THE UNIVERSITY LIFESTYLE SURVEY |
| AWARENESS OF THE IMPORTANCE OF DIET |
| ACCOUNTABILITY |
| AWARENESS OF ETHICAL FACTORS |
| THE ETHNIC POPULATION |
| THE CHILDREN'S MARKET |
| PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING EATING HABITS |
| Eating Disorders |
| Image Obsession |
| Table 11: Respondents who Reported Dieting to Lose Weight by Sex and Age (%), 2002 |
| Retraining the Mind |
| 5. An International Perspective |
| DIET |
| SUPPLIERS |
| CONTRACT CATERING |
| 6. PEST Analysis |
| POLITICAL FACTORS |
| ECONOMIC FACTORS |
| SOCIAL FACTORS |
| TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS |
| 7. Consumer Dynamics |
| OVERVIEW |
| Table 12: Summary of Responses (% of respondents), 2004 |
| ANALYSIS OF RESULTS |
| "More Awareness Of Dietary Requirements And Effects On Health" |
| "A Desire To Lose Weight" |
| Table 13: More Awareness of Dietary Requirements and Effects on Health, and/or a Desire to Lose Weight (% of respondents), 2004 |
| "Change In Taste And Preference" |
| "Change In The Amount Of Leisure Time |
| Table 14: Change in Taste and Preference, and Change in the Amount of Leisure Time (% of respondents), 2004 |
| "Change In Household Structure, e.g. Starting A Family, Children Leaving Home, Divorce" |
| "Concern About Animal Welfare, Environment And/Or Free Trade Production" |
| Table 15: Change in Household Structure, and Concern about Animal Welfare, Environment and/or Free Trade Production (% of respondents), 2004 |
| "Change In Disposable Income" |
| "Change In Availability Of Ingredients, Convenience Foods, etc." |
| Table 16: Change in Disposable Income, and Change in Availability of Ingredients, Convenience Foods, etc. (% of respondents), 2004 |
| "Moving House, Which Has Meant A Change In Shopping/Eating Out Venues" |
| "Following A TV Or Further Education Cookery Course Or Buying New Cookery Books" |
| Table 17: Moving House, and Following a Television or Further Education Cookery Course or Buying New Cookery Books (% of respondents), 2004 |
| 8. Supplier Profiles |
| INTRODUCTION |
| FOOD SUPPLIERS |
| Producers/Growers |
| Fishermen |
| FOOD MANUFACTURERS/PROCESSORS |
| Associated British Foods PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 18: Financial Results for Associated British Foods PLC (£m), Years Ending 14th September 2002 and 13th September 2003 |
| Cranswick PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 19: Financial Results for Cranswick PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st March 2003 and 2004 |
| Nestlé SA |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 20: Financial Results for Nestlé (CHF m), Years Ending 31st December 2002 and 2003 |
| Northern Foods PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 21: Financial Results for Northern Foods PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st March 2003 and 3rd April 2004 |
| Unilever Group |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 22: Financial Results for Unilever Group's Foods Division (£bn), Years Ending 31st December 2002 and 2003 |
| Uniq PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 23: Financial Results for Uniq PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st March 2003 and 2004 |
| FOOD RETAILERS |
| ASDA Group Ltd |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 24: Financial Results for ASDA Group Ltd (£m), Years Ending 31st December 2001 and 2002 |
| Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 25: Financial Results for Sainsbury's Supermarkets Ltd (£m), Years Ending 30th March 2002 and 29th March 2003 |
| Tesco PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 26: Financial Results for Tesco PLC (£m), Years Ending 22nd February 2003 and 28th February 2004 |
| Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 27: Financial Results for Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC (£m), Years Ending 2nd February 2003 and 1st February 2004 |
| FOOD AWAY FROM HOME |
| Foodservice Groups |
| Alpha Airports Group PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 28: Financial Results for Alpha Airports Group PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st January 2003 and 2004 |
| Compass Group PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 29: Financial Results for Compass Group PLC by Geographic Area (£m), Years Ending 30th September 2002 and 2003 |
| Table 30: Interim Results for Compass Group PLC by Geographic Area (£m), 6 Months Ending 31st March 2003 and 2004 |
| Sodexho Alliance SA |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 31: Financial Results for Sodexho Alliance SA (ebn and em), Years Ending 31st August 2002 and 2003 |
| Public Houses, Restaurants and Takeaways |
| BurgerKing Ltd |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 32: Financial Results for BurgerKing Ltd (£m), Years Ending 30th June 2002 and 2003 |
| Greene King PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 33: Financial Results for Greene King PLC (£m), Years Ending 4th May 2003 and 2nd May 2004 |
| JD Wetherspoon PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 34: Financial Results for JD Wetherspoon PLC (£m), Years Ending 28th July 2002 and 27th July 2003 |
| The Restaurant Group PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 35: Financial Results for The Restaurant Group PLC (£m), Years Ending 31st December 2002 and 2003 |
| Whitbread PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 36: Financial Results for Whitbread PLC (£m), Years Ending 1st March 2003 and 4th March 2004 |
| Home Delivery |
| Domino's Pizza UK & IRL PLC |
| Corporate Strategy |
| Profitability |
| Table 37: Financial Results for Domino's Pizza UK & IRL PLC (£m), Years Ending 29th December 2002 and 28th December 2003 |
| 9. The Future |
| THE FOOD MARKET |
| FOOD LABELLING AND ADVERTISING |
| EATING HABITS |
| THE WORKPLACE |
| 10. Further Sources |
| Associations |
| Publications |
| General Sources |
| Government Publications |
| Other Sources |
| Bonnier Information Sources |
Text © 2004 Key Note
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Last updated by Amanda Porteous November 2004