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This report examines the further and higher education sectors in the UK, both of which are currently undergoing considerable change. These two sectors comprise seven kinds of institutions sixth form colleges; tertiary education colleges; further education colleges; universities; adult education institutes; privately-owned independent colleges of education; and distance learning organisations. The total number of students in further and higher education in the 1998/1999 academic year was 4.7 million and 1.8 million respectively. In the higher education sector, full-time students aged 18 to 21 predominate. Although the number of mature students has grown significantly in recent years, their numbers have decreased slightly since 1998. Definitions of mature students vary, with the cut-off age regarded as either 21 or 25. In the further education sector (where part-time courses are much more common), there is a high percentage of mature students. Overseas students are also important, representing around 10 percent of students in further and higher education. Cambridge, Imperial College, London, Oxford, Bristol and University College, London remain at the top of the league table compiled by The Times/The Times Higher Education Supplement. However, other universities are rising in importance, including Bath, York, Warwick, Edinburgh and Nottingham. Furthermore, there are some universities carving out a reputation in a particular field. Therefore, while they may not be among the top ten or 20, they may (in specific areas) challenge the more renowned universities. The current concerns of the further and higher education sectors centre on the following issues rising student numbers, accessibility to the sector for disadvantaged groups of people, delivering more flexible courses, linking education more closely to vocational needs (especially true in the further education sector) and funding, which includes the emotive question of tuition fees. Funding has proved to be the main issue. A considerable change in the further education sector will be the introduction of 2-year foundation degrees designed and validated by the higher education sector. A pilot programme is due to start in September/October 2001, and a full national programme will be launched in 2003. The further education sector is also going to be working closely with the new Learning and Skills Councils the replacement for the Training and Enterprise Councils (TECs). Key Note estimates that by the 2004/2005 academic year, there will be 5.7 million students in the further education sector and 2.2 million students in the higher education sector. This represents an increase of 21.3 percent and 17.4 percent respectively over the 1998/1999 numbers.
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Executive Summary |
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| INTRODUCTION | |
| DEFINITIONS | |
| Sixth Form Colleges | |
| Tertiary Education Colleges | |
| Further Education Colleges | |
| Universities | |
| Adult Education Institutes | |
| Privately-Owned Independent Colleges of Education | |
| Distance Learning Organisations | |
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| STUDENT NUMBERS | |
| Table 1: Number of Students in Further and Higher Education (000), 1997/1998 and 1998/1999 | |
| EXPENDITURE ON FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION | |
| Sources of Income | |
| Table 2: Expenditure by the Further and Higher Education Funding Councils (£m), 1997/1998 and 1998/1999 | |
| Allocation of Resources | |
| NUMBER OF INSTITUTIONS | |
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1997/1998 and 1999/2000 |
| Private Further Education Colleges | |
| SECTOR TRENDS | |
| Further Education | |
| Courses | |
| Funding Concerns | |
| Widening Participation | |
| External Inspection | |
| More Partnerships | |
| Higher Education | |
| Declining Applications | |
| Higher Costs versus Widening Access | |
| Calls for More Funding | |
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| BACKGROUND | |
| INDUSTRY STRUCTURE | |
| Sixth Form Colleges | |
| Tertiary Education Colleges | |
| Further Education Colleges | |
| Universities | |
| Adult Education Institutes | |
| Privately-Owned Independent Colleges of Education | |
| Distance Learning Organisations | |
| EDUCATION | |
| CONTEXT | |
| The European Dimension | |
| International Comparisons | |
| Table 4: Annual Expenditure Per Student in Public and Private Higher Education Institutions (US$), 1997 | |
| Table 5: International Comparison of First Degree Completion, 1997 | |
| INDUSTRY BODIES | |
| Association of Colleges | |
| Association | |
| Further Education Funding Council | |
| Higher Education Funding Council | |
| National Institute for Adult Continuing Education | |
| Society of Research into Higher Education | |
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| INTRODUCTION | |
| SELECTED PROVIDERS OF FURTHER EDUCATION | |
| SELECTED LONG-ESTABLISHED UNIVERSITIES | |
| Table 6: Selected Long-Established Universities in the UK, 2000 | |
| University of Aberdeen | |
| University of Bath | |
| University of Birmingham | |
| University of Bristol | |
| University of Cambridge | |
| Cardiff University of Wales | |
| University of Durham | |
| University of Edinburgh | |
| University of Essex | |
| University of Glasgow | |
| University of Lancaster | |
| &nbUniversity of Leeds | |
| University of Liverpool | |
| University of London | |
| Birkbeck College | |
| Goldsmiths College | |
| Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine | |
| Kings College | |
| London School of Economics and Political Science | |
| Queen Mary and Westfield College | |
| Royal Holloway and Bedford New College | |
| School of Oriental and African Studies | |
| University College | |
| University of Loughborough | |
| University of Manchester | |
| University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology | |
| University of Newcastle | |
| University of Nottingham | |
| University of Oxford | |
| University of Reading | |
| University of St. Andrews | |
| University of Sheffield | |
| University of Southampton | |
| University of Warwick | |
| University of York | |
| SELECTED NEWER UNIVERSITIES | |
| Table 7: Selected Newer Universities, 2000 | |
| University of Abertay Dundee | |
| University of Brighton | |
| De Montfort University | |
| University | |
| University of Hertfordshire | |
| Kingston University | |
| Manchester Metropolitan University | |
| University of Northumbria at Newcastle | |
| Nottingham Trent University | |
| Oxford Brookes University | |
| University of Plymouth | |
| University of Porstmouth | |
| University | |
| Sheffield Hallam University | |
| The University of the West of England | |
| University of Westminster | |
| SELECTED OPEN COLLEGES AND DISTANCE LEARNING INSTITUTIONS | |
| Henley College (Home Study Unit) Coventry | |
| Henley Management College | |
| International Correspondence Schools | |
| Mercers College | |
| National Extension College | |
| The Open University | |
| The Open College | |
| The Open College of the Arts | |
| Rapid Results College | |
| Wolsey Hall | |
| MAJOR PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION TO MATURE STUDENTS | |
| Table 8: Major University Providers of Education to Mature Students, 2000 | |
| University of Central England in Birmingham | |
| University of Derby | |
| University of East London | |
| University | |
| Liverpool John Moores University | |
| South Bank University | |
| University of Salford | |
| University of Sunderland | |
| University of Sussex | |
| University of Wolverhampton | |
| EDUCATION | |
| SPECIALIST COLLEGES | |
| ADULT RESIDENTIAL COLLEGES | |
| SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION | |
| Threats | |
| STRENGTHS |
Text © 2000 Key Note
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Last updated by Jacob van Eldik 26th September 2000