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KN60003

KEY NOTE BUS AND COACH OPERATORS : February 2003

Overview

Editor: Dominic Fenn
ISBN: 1-84168-221-7

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This report covers: bus, coach, transport, local bus services, public transport, local scheduled services, long-distance scheduled bus services, excursion coach trips, school buses, passenger receipts, million passenger kilometres, kilometres per person, Europe, Transport Act 2000, Greater London Authority Act 1999, European Legislation, bus and coach operators, local bus services, passenger transport price indices, passenger numbers, comparison of bus and coach usage in EU countries, vehicle kilometres, staff employed, etc.,

Companies covered include: Confederation of Passenger Transport, CPT, Coach Tourism Council, CTC, FirstGroup, Arriva, Cowie Group, Stagecoach Holdings, The Go-Ahead Group, National Express

Executive Summary
Table of Contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary
1. Market Definition
REPORT COVERAGE	2
MARKET SECTORS	2
MARKET TRENDS	2
Slow Growth in Passenger Receipts from Local Services	2
Table 1: Bus and Coach Operators’ Passenger Receipts by Type of Serviceat Constant 2001/2002 Prices(£m and percent), 1997/1998-2001/2002	3
Real Price Increases	3
Table 2: Passenger Transport Price Indices at Current and Constant Prices(1995=100), 1997/1998-2001/2002	4
Decline in Passenger Numbers on Local Bus Services	4
Table 3: Local Bus Services — Vehicle Kilometres and Passenger Numbers(million and index 1990/1991=100), 1990/1991-2001/2002	5
MARKET POSITION	5
The UK	5
Table 4: Use of Passenger Transportby Mode (billion passengerkilometres and percent), 1990-2001	6
Europe	7
Table 5: Comparison of Bus andCoach Use in the Countries of the EU(billion passenger kilometres),1990, 1995 and 2000	7
Table 6: Comparison of Bus andCoach Use in the Countries of the EU(kilometres per person per year),1999 and 2000	8
2. Market Size
THE TOTAL MARKET	9
Table 7: The Bus and Coach Services Market by Value at Current Prices(£m and percent), 1997/1998-2001/2002	9
LOCAL SERVICES	10
By Value	10
Passenger Receipts by Areaat Current Prices	10
Table 8: Local Bus Services — Passenger Receipts by Areaat Current Prices (£m),1997/1998-2001/2002	10
Passenger Receipts by Areaat Constant 2001/2002 Prices	11
Table 9: Local Bus Services — Passenger Receipts by Areaat Constant 2001/2002 Prices(£m and percent), 1997/1998-2001/2002	11
Government Support	12
Table 10: Local Bus Services — Government Supportat Current Prices (£m),1997/1998-2001/2002	12
Table 11: Local Bus Services — Breakdown of Operators’ Incomeat Current Prices ( percent),1997/1998-2001/2002	13
Operating Costs by Area	14
Table 12: Local Bus Services — Operating Costs by Areaat Constant 2001/2002 Prices(pence per vehicle kilometre and pence per passenger journey), 1997/1998-2001/2002	14
Fare Indices by Area	15
Table 13: Local Bus Services —Fare Indices by Areaat Constant Prices (1995=100), 1997/1998-2001/2002	15
By Volume	15
Number of Passengers Carriedby Area	15
Table 14: Local Bus Services — Number of Passengers Carriedby Area (million and percent),1997/1998-2001/2002	16
Vehicle Kilometres — Commercialand Subsidised Services	17
Table 15: Local Bus Services — Commercial and Subsidised Services Outside London(million vehicle kilometres and percent), 1997/1998-2001/2002	17
NON-LOCAL SERVICES	18
By Value	18
Table 16: Non-Local Bus Services — Passenger Receiptsat Current Prices (£m and percent), 1997/1998-2001/2002	18
By Volume	18
Table 17: Non-Local Bus Services — Vehicle Kilometres(million and percent),1997/1998-2001/2002	19
3. Industry Background
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND	20
NUMBER OF COMPANIES	20
EMPLOYMENT	21
Number of Employees by Type of Job	21
Table 18: Number of Bus and Coach Staff by Type of Job (000), 1994/1995-2001/2002	21
Average Wages	21
At Current Prices	21
Table 19: Average Weekly Wagesat Current Prices and Hoursin the Bus and Coach Industry(£ and hours), 1994-2002	22
At Constant 2002 Prices	22
Table 20: Average Weekly Wagesin the Bus and Coach Industryat Constant 2002 Prices (£),1994-2002	23
DISTRIBUTION	23
HOW ROBUST IS THE MARKET?	24
LEGISLATION	24
Transport Act 2000	24
Disability Discrimination Act 1999	24
Greater LondonAuthority Act 1999	25
KEY TRADE ASSOCIATIONS	25
Confederation of Passenger Transport	25
Coach Tourism Council	25
4. Competitor Analysis
THE MARKETPLACE	26
Table 21: The UK’s Largest Bus Operators by Market Share( percent), 2002	26
Market Leaders	27
FirstGroup PLC	27
Arriva PLC	28
Stagecoach Group PLC	28
The Go-Ahead Group PLC	30
National Express Group PLC	30
London Buses	32
OUTSIDE SUPPLIERS	32
ADVERTISING ANDPROMOTION	33
Table 22: Main Media Advertising Expenditure by Bus and Coach Operators (£000), Years toSeptember 2001 and 2002	33
5. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
STRENGTHS	34
WEAKNESSES	34
OPPORTUNITIES	35
THREATS	35
6. Buying Behaviour
THE INFLUENCE OFCAR OWNERSHIP	36
Table 23: Use of Local Bus Services in Relation to Household Car Ownership(mileage per person per year), 1989/1991-1999/2001	36
PURPOSE OF BUS USE	37
Table 24: Breakdown of Local Bus Journeys by Purpose of Journey( percent of journey stages and percent of mileage per year), 1999/2001	37
By Age and Sex	37
Table 25: Breakdown of Local Bus Journeys by Purpose of Journeyby Age and Sex ( percent of journey stagesand percent of mileage per year), 1999/2001	38
DURATION, FREQUENCY AND RECENCY OF BUS USE	39
Table 26: Duration, Frequency and Recency of Bus Use ( percent of adults), 1998-2002	39
By Sex	40
Table 27: Duration, Frequency and Recency of Bus Use by Sex( percent of adults), 2002	40
By Age	42
Table 28: Duration, Frequency and Recency of Bus Use by Age( percent of adults), 2002	42
By Social Grade	43
Table 29: Duration, Frequency and Recency of Bus Use by Social Grade( percent of adults), 2002	43
7. Current Issues
THE 10-YEAR PLANFOR TRANSPORT	45
Commission forIntegrated Transport	46
Growth Target	46
Measures to Obtain Better Valuefrom Existing Subsidies	46
Measures to Further Promote Patronage Growth andModal Shift	46
Measures to Further ReduceSocial Exclusion	47
GUIDED BUSWAYS	47
RECRUITMENT	47
URBAN BUS CHALLENGE	48
CONCESSIONARY FARES	48
8. The Global Market
DEMAND FOR BUS SERVICES	49
Table 30: Comparison of Bus and Coach Numbers and Use in the Countries of the EU (000, billion passenger kilometres and 000 passenger kilometres per vehicle), 1999	49
LEVEL OF SUBSIDIES	50
Table 31: Proportion of Bus Operating Costs Financed by Passenger Receiptsin Selected Cities of the EU ( percent), 2001/2002	50
9. Forecasts
INTRODUCTION	51
Table 32: Forecast Road Trafficin England — Vehicle Kilometresby Mode of Transport(index 2000=100), 2010	51
FORECASTS 2002/2003TO 2006/2007	52
Table 33: Local Bus Services — Forecast Number of Passengersand Vehicle Kilometres (million), 2002/2003-2006/2007	52
10. Company Profiles
Arriva PLC	54
FirstGroup PLC	56
The Go-Ahead Group PLC	58
National Express Group PLC	60
Stagecoach Group PLC	62
11. Further Sources
Associations	64
General Sources	64
Bonnier Information Sources	65
Government Publications	66
Other Sources	66

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The value of the British market for bus and coach services (including government support) grew by 6.2 percent in 2001/2002, to £5.49bn. Passenger receipts accounted for 75.1 percent of this figure, or 84.2 percent if concessionary fare reimbursement is taken into account.

The level of public subsidy has risen in recent years, but it is still lower than in most other EU countries. Much of the increase in support for the bus industry has been awarded through the Rural Bus Subsidy Grant, which has resulted in increased access to regular bus services for people living in rural communities.

Despite this increase in support for rural bus services, bus patronage has increased faster in London than elsewhere in Great Britain. Between 1997/1998 and 2001/2002, London saw a 10.8 percent increase in the number of passengers carried on local bus services, compared with a 4.8 percent fall elsewhere in England and a 13.3 percent decline in Wales. In Scotland, the increase was marginal (0.7 percent).

However, the long-term decline in bus use has been arrested, and there are signs that bus patronage will increase outside London in the next decade as some of the initiatives delivered by the Government's 10-year plan for transport take effect.

Following a period of deregulation, privatisation and consolidation in the 1980s and 1990s, the UK bus and coach industry has been relatively stable since 2000, with five operators controlling approximately 69 percent of the market. One of these companies, National Express, dominates the coach market.

Most of the large bus operators have turned to overseas markets and other modes of transport for growth, although this has steadied in the last 2 or 3 years. Overall, the bus companies' strategy has been to consolidate their existing businesses and, within the UK, to develop partnerships with local authorities and Passenger Transport Executives to exploit the opportunities afforded by the Government's 10-year plan for transport.

If the Government's plan is successful, it will lead to an increase in the use of public transport and growth in the number of bus passengers. This growth will be driven by local initiatives, which should reduce the traditional disparity between public transport and private transport in areas such as speed and flexibility.

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Last updated by Amanda Porteous January 2003