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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• INTRODUCTION
• ORIGINAL RESEARCH
• FOOD COMPANIES
• MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS
• FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS
• FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
• DAIRY PRODUCTS, EGGS OILS AND FATS
• BREAD, CAKES, BISCUITS AND CEREALS
• MISCELLANEOUS FOODS
• FORECASTS

INTRODUCTION

This report considers the trends in the UK food market and the various segments covered are: meat and meat products; fish and fish products; fruit and vegetables; dairy products, eggs, oils and fats; bread, cakes, biscuits and cereals; and miscellaneous foods such as sugar, ready meals, pasta, rice and pizza. Excluded from the report are sectors such as confectionery, ice cream and drinks.
The sectors included in the report had a combined value of £42.88bn in 1998, representing 8.2 percent of all consumer expenditure. Sales increased only marginally in 1998 and food's share of total consumer spending has been falling steadily in recent years. In 1998, over 418,000 businesses operated in the UK food industry and these included agricultural and fishing units, food processors and manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and caterers. 56.9 percent of businesses were agricultural holdings. There were 7,510 food manufacturing businesses registered for value-added tax (VAT) in 1998 and numbers have been falling in recent years. Consolidation has been a feature of the food industry in recent months. Food retailing has become increasingly dominated by the large out-of-town superstores and the major losers have been the specialist food retailers such as butchers, fishmongers and greengrocers.
Despite its tradition as an agricultural and food producing nation, the UK is a net importer of food. In 1998, the trade deficit in the food sector had reached £7.47bn compared to £6.03bn in 1994.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

In June 1999, Key Note commissioned Gallup to carry out original reasearch on the eating habits of UK adults. The survey sample was 1,053 adults. The survey results reflect the trends towards healthier eating and the move away from traditional meal times and formats.
The fresh fruit market is one of the most buoyant in the UK food industry and the Gallup survey confirmed the importance of fresh fruit in most people's diets with the finding that 88 percent of adults eat fresh fruit in a typical day. The importance of snacking was also emphasised, with 63 percent of adults snacking in a typical day. Over half of the adult population (51 percent) claim to eat healthy or organic foods.
As our eating habits and diets appear to be healthier compared to only a few years ago, the popularity of traditional meals is declining. Only 16 percent of adults eat a cooked breakfast, although a significant minority opt for a hot lunch. At a time when work pressures and new living patterns are limiting the opportunities for family meals, it is interesting to note that 74 percent of adults still eat an evening meal with others during a typical day.

FOOD COMPANIES

The UK food market has traditionally centred around many small companies, often serving local markets or specialised needs. In the 1990s, the leading operators have become larger and industry consolidation has increased. In many commodity sectors, such as milk, fish and meat, industry overcapacity has been reduced in recent months through closures and mergers. Many of the larger companies have sold their commodity interests to concentrate on the more dynamic value-added sectors such as convenience foods.
Food retailing has also become more concentrated in the hands of the few major grocery chains, led by Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury's and Safeway. The rapid development of out-of-town superstores across the UK, offering convenience and a wide choice of goods, has created a one-stop shopping experience for the family and, at the same time, been the major factor behind the demise of the smaller specialist food retailers.

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Meat and meat products is the largest sector of the UK food market but sales have been hit in recent years by the bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) crisis and the decision of many consumers to reduce their meat intake. In 1998, falling prices in many sectors also limited sales growth.
The market was valued at £11.77bn in 1998, a slight decrease on the 1997 value. Sales of carcass meats, valued at £3.16bn in 1998, have been declining over the last few years as the number of formal meal occasions has declined and traditional English dishes have been replaced by other meat-based dishes such as pastas, stir-frys, and rice-based dishes. Poultry sales were £2.53bn in 1998, a decrease of 3 percent on the previous year. Although unprocessed chicken still takes the largest share, added-value products are the major growth area. The largest market sector is other meats and meat products, which includes cooked meats, tinned meats, sausages, chilled pies and pasties. Sales increased by 2.7 percent in 1998 to £4.18bn. Bacon and ham sales were £1.85bn in 1998, a decrease of 2.1 percent on the 1997 value.
Household penetration of meats such as bacon and sausages is high, at 91.4 percent and 87.9 percent respectively, but the weakest market sectors are tinned meats, where there is an image of low-quality products.

FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS

Sales of fish and fish products were £2.12bn in 1998, an increase of 3 percent on the previous year. In real terms, however, the value of the market declined in 1998, as significant price increases pushed up sales value while per capita consumption of fish fell slightly.
The market can be divided into three core categories: fresh and chilled; frozen; and canned. The fresh and chilled market was valued at £491m in 1998, an increase of 1 percent on 1997. Haddock and cod remain the most popular purchases but sales of salmon have increased dramatically, helped by more product offerings in supermarkets. The largest sector is frozen fish, with sales of £620m in 1998 -- an increase of 2.3 percent on the previous year. While fish fingers are the largest market segment, sales growth has been hampered by the launch of various budget brands, and market growth in the frozen sector is being driven by value-added items such as coated fish and fish meals. The third sector is canned fish which, although relatively mature, has been boosted by new product developments and the positioning of products as snack foods and food ingredients for cooking in recent months. The canned fish market was valued at £377m in 1998.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Valued at £11.74bn in 1998, the fruit and vegetables market includes both fresh and processed products. Fresh produce accounted for 60 percent of all sales in 1998. By product category, vegetables account for the largest market sector, with sales of £8.02bn in 1998 compared to sales of £3.72bn for fruit.
Fresh vegetables had sales of £4.23bn in 1998, but consumer demand for specific vegetables can vary considerably. The potato market has been declining as consumption has fallen and significant price increases in 1998 also dampened consumer demand. Alternatives such as rice and pasta have become more popular. The growth areas in the fresh vegetables sector were prepacked salad mixes, packed peppers, tomatoes, and fresh green vegetables generally. Fresh fruit sales have increased in the last few years as consumers eat more fruit as snacks and light meals. The banana is now the most popular fruit, but demand for more exotic fruits is increasing.
The largest processed sector is frozen vegetables and suppliers are striving to move the sector away from its largely commodity image with the development of value-added products such as vegetable mixes.

DAIRY PRODUCTS, EGGS OILS AND FATS

Sales in the dairy products market decreased by 1.7 percent in 1998, with many product sectors losing sales as consumers opted for more healthier and lower-fat foods. In 1998, the total market was valued at £7.27bn. Commodity markets such as milk, eggs and cheese all declined in value in 1998, while the only major growth sector was yoghurts and chilled desserts.
The largest market sector is milk, with sales worth £3.17bn in 1998. Milk has a 43.5 percent share of the total market, but this share has been falling year-on-year in recent times as milk consumption per capita has fallen. Milk sales have also shifted from doorstep deliveries to supermarket sales and milk prices in the latter retail outlets are much cheaper than the traditional doorstep delivery. Cream and cheese sales declined in value in 1998 -- although the cheese market is beginning to polarise, with budget-priced cheese blocks at one end of the market and a growing range of premium and speciality cheeses at the other. Cheese is the second largest sector, with a market value of £1.54bn in 1998, and the cream market was valued at £160m. The egg market, valued at £516m in 1998, is declining -- as is the the yellow fats market, valued at £924m in 1998. The latter market has suffered from the high-fat content associated with many products and new product development (NPD) has concentrated on low-fat products. The yoghurt and chilled desserts sector, valued at £967m in 1998, is the only market to show consistent annual growth in recent years and many of the leading suppliers are reducing their interests in the commodity sectors to concentrate on these value-added, branded segments.
Markets such as fresh milk, cheese and eggs are amongst the most mature in the UK food industry and household penetration is extremely high. Milk, for example, is purchased by 96.6 percent of UK households and eggs by 97.6 percent. In these markets, the potential for further growth must be limited.

BREAD, CAKES, BISCUITS AND CEREALS

Valued at £7.7bn in1998, the market includes bread and morning goods, cakes, biscuits and breakfast cereals. Sales were virtually unchanged in 1998 compared to the previous year, although the bread sector increased sales to £2.16bn. This increase was mainly due to NPDs, such as flavoured breads, healthy breads, and premium breads; plus the expansion of the morning goods market with products such as rolls, bagels, muffins and ethnic breads. The biscuits and cakes market, valued at £2.39bn, had a poor year as other, healthier products competed for the snacking purchases.
Breakfast cereals generated sales of £1.12bn in 1998 and this total is dominated by the heavily branded ready-to-eat (RTE) cereals products. The extension of these products into snacks and convenience foods is an attempt to make the cereals market an all-day one. The market is increasingly segmenting into adult, children's and healthy cereals.
Bread is the most mature market of all, with 99.3 percent of UK housewives purchasing it. While the NPDs may boost sales in the short term, sales growth in the longer term is likely to be limited. Biscuits and cakes also have relatively high penetration levels, as do RTE breakfast cereals. The latter has penetration of 93.5 percent, although future market growth is expected to come from market segmentation and continued strong marketing support for brands.

MISCELLANEOUS FOODS

The miscellaneous foods sector was valued at £2.04bn in 1998 (excluding sugar), an increase of 1.5 percent on the 1997 total. This sector includes some of the fastest growing food markets such as cooking sauces, rice, pasta and pizzas. Retail sales of pizza increased strongly in 1998, as improved bases and toppings replicated the pizzas available in restaurants and from take-away outlets. Also described in this section, but not included in the market size figure, are ready meals (individual ready meals sales are included in the specific chapters, e.g. meat, vegetables, fish). Ready meals has been a dynamic market in the 1990s, but sales growth weakened in 1998 as NPD activities were reduced.
The one sector of the other foods market failing to generate growth is sugar, which has been suffering from a long-term decline in sales and per capita consumption. The sugar market was valued at £250m in 1998.

FORECASTS

After only limited growth in 1998, Key Note is forecasting an improved sales performance for the UK food industry in 1999, with sales of £44.22bn. This would represent an increase of 3.1 percent on the 1998 value. In the forecast period from 1999 to 2003, sales are predicted to increase by 11.4 percent to produce a market valued at £49.24bn in 2003.
The fruit and vegetables market is expected to show the strongest growth, with fresh fruit continuing to benefit from the moves towards healthier eating. Meat and meat products could also show some improvement after a number of years of turmoil in the industry.
Key issues affecting the food industry in the next 12 months include: the lifting of the beef export ban; planning restrictions on out-of-town superstores and the Competition Commission's report into the leading supermarket chains; the further rationalisation of many food sectors; the possible launch of the Food Standards Agency; the increasing debate regarding genetically modified (GM) foods and the likelihood of more suppliers banning these foods.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary

Market Overview

DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

RETAIL SALES

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION

TOTAL MARKET SIZE

MARKET SEGMENTATION

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

EUROPEAN TRENDS

PEST ANALYSIS

Table 1.1: The Number of Food Companies in the UK, 1997 and 1998

Table 1.2: The UK Food Manufacturing Industry by Number of Enterprises, 1992-1998

Table 1.3: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises in the Food Manufacturing Industry by Turnover Size (number and percent), 1998

Table 1.4: Number of Enterprises and Local Units in Specific Food Manufacturing SectorsÅ, 1998

Table 1.5: Employment in Food Related Sectors (000), 1997 and 1998

Table 1.6: Retail Sales Value - Predominantly Food Stores (£m at current prices and index 1995=100), 1994-1998

Table 1.7: Retail Sales Value - Predominantly Food Stores (£m at constant 1995 prices and index 1995=100), 1994-1998

Table 1.8: Growth in Sales of Large Food Stores and Small Food Stores (1995=100), 1994-1998

Table 1.9: Sales Trends for Specialist Food Stores (1995=100), 1994-1998

Table 1.10: Origin of Purchases of Fresh and Frozen Food ( percent of housewives), 1996-1998

Table 1.11: Frequency of Shopping Trips for Groceries ( percent of adults), 1998

Table 1.12: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Food by Major Product Sector (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 1.13: Consumer Expenditure on Food at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 1.14: Consumer Expenditure on Food at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1993-1998

Table 1.15: Total Consumer Expenditure at Current Prices and percentage Share Taken by Expenditure on Food (£m at rsp and percent), 1993-1998

Table 1.16: Food Retail Price Index (January 1987=100), March 1996-March 1999

Table 1.17: Consumer Expenditure on Food by Major Sectors at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 1.18: Share of Food Sales Taken by Major Sectors ( percent), 1994, 1996 and 1998

Table 1.19: Consumer Expenditure on Food by Major Sectors at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1993-1998

Table 1.20: Spending on Groceries in a Week ( percent of housewives), 1998

Table 1.21: Per Capita Consumption Trends by Major Sectors (ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 1.22: Penetration of Selected Food and Food Products ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 1.23: UK Foreign Trade in Key Food Sectors (£m), 1994-1998

Key Note Consumer Research

INTRODUCTION

COOKED BREAKFASTS

HOT LUNCHES

PREPARED LUNCHES

EVENING MEALS

FRESH FRUIT

SNACKS

TAKE-AWAY FOOD

CONVENIENCE OR MICROWAVE MEALS

HEALTH OR ORGANIC FOOD

Table 2.1: Survey of Consumer Eating Habits ( percent of adults agreeing), 1999

Table 2.2: I Eat a Cooked Breakfast During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.3: I Eat a Hot Lunch During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.4: I Eat a Prepared Lunch During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.5: I Eat an Evening Meal on My Own During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.6: I Eat an Evening Meal With Others During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing or not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.7: I Eat Fresh Fruit During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.8: I Eat Snacks During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.9: I Eat Take-Away Food During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.10: I Eat Convenience or Microwave Meals During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Table 2.11: I Eat Health or Organic Food During a Typical Day ( percent agreeing and not agreeing), 1999

Competitor Analysis

INTRODUCTION

LEADING COMPANIES

RETAIL DISTRIBUTION

Table 3.1: Selected Leading UK Food Manufacturers by Turnover and Pre-Tax Profit (£m), 1998/1999

Table 3.2: Financial Performance of Associated British Foods PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.3: Financial Performance of Tate & Lyle PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.4: Financial Performance of Hillsdown Holdings PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.5: Financial Performance of Unigate PLC (£m), 1997-1999

Table 3.6: Northern Foods PLC - Principal Operating Divisions and Businesses, 1999

Table 3.7: Financial Performance of Northern Foods PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.8: Financial Performance of United Biscuits (Holdings) PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.9: United Biscuits (Holdings) PLC - Turnover by Business Sector (£m), 1999

Table 3.10: Financial Performance of The Albert Fisher Group PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.11: Financial Performance of Hazlewood Foods PLC (£m), 1996-1999

Table 3.12: Financial Performance of Dairy Crest Group PLC (£m), 1997-1999

Table 3.13: Financial Performance of Geest PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.14: Financial Performance of Perkins Foods PLC (£m), 1996-1998

Table 3.15: The Top Four Supermarket Chains in the UK - Outlets, Turnover and ProfitsÅ, 1998/1999

Table 3.16: Leading Symbol Voluntary Groups and Buying Groups (number of members), 1999

Meat and Meat Products

DEFINITION/INTRODUCTION

MARKET TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET SEGMENTS

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

DISTRIBUTION

MAJOR PLAYERS

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

COOKED MEATS

BACON

SAUSAGES

MEAT PIES AND PASTIES

FROZEN MEATS

TINNED MEATS

FORECASTS

Table 4.1: Total Meat Available for Domestic Usage (000 tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 4.2: Trends in Market Share of Major Meats ( percent share), 1993, 1996 and 1998

Table 4.3: The UK Market for Meat and Meat Products by Value (£m at current prices), 1993-1998

Table 4.4: The UK Market for Meat and Meat Products by Value (£m at constant 1995 prices), 1993-1998

Table 4.5: Retail Price Indices for Meat and Meat Products (13th January 1987=100), March 1996-March 1999

Table 4.6: Household Expenditure on Carcass Meat (£m at current prices), 1993-1998

Table 4.7: Beef and Veal Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 4.8: Mutton and Lamb Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 4.9: Pork Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 4.10: Household Expenditure on Poultry at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 4.11: The Retail Poultry Market by Sector by Value ( percent), 1998

Table 4.12: Poultry Meat Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 4.13: Household Expenditure on Bacon and Ham at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 4.14: Value Share of Household Bacon Market ( percent), 1998

Table 4.15: Bacon and Ham Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 4.16: Household Expenditure on Other Meat and Meat Products (£m at current prices), 1993-1998

Table 4.17: Imports and Exports of Meat (000 tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 4.18: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises in the Animal Slaughtering, Meat Processing and Poultry Processing Industries by Turnover Size (number and percent),

1998

Table 4.19: Retail Distribution of Meat Sales ( percent share), 1998

Table 4.20: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Meat and Meat Products (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 4.21: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Brands of Meat and Meat Products (£000), Year to March 1999

Table 4.22: Household Meat Consumption (ounces per person per week), 1994-1998

Table 4.23: Weekly Spending on Fresh Meat ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 4.24: Monthly Spending on Frozen Meat ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 4.25: Penetration of Meat Products ( percent of housewives), 1996-1998

Table 4.27: Penetration and Profile for Bacon, Sausages and Meat Pies and PastiesÅ by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 4.28: Penetration and Profile for Frozen Meat by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 4.29: Penetration and Profile for Tinned Meat by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 4.30: Forecast UK Consumer Expenditure on Meat and Meat Products (£m at rsp), 1999-2003

Fish and Fish Products

DEFINITION/INTRODUCTION

MARKET TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET SECTORS

OVERSEAS TRADE

MARKET STRUCTURE

DISTRIBUTION

MAJOR PLAYERS

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

FORECASTS

Table 5.1: Consumption of Fish in the UK (000 tonnes), 1992-1998

Table 5.2: Consumer Expenditure on Fish and Fish Products at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1992-1998

Table 5.3: Consumer Expenditure on Fish and Fish Products at Constant Prices (£m at 1995 prices), 1992-1998

Table 5.4: Retail Price Index for Fish (13th January 1987=100), March 1996 - March 1999

Table 5.5: The UK Fresh Fish Market (£m at rsp), 1994-1998

Table 5.6: Household Purchases of Fresh and Chilled Fish by Volume - Great Britain (tonnes and percent), 1998

Table 5.8: The UK Canned Fish Market (£m at rsp), 1994-1998

Table 5.9: UK Sales of Canned Fish by Type ( percent share of value sales), 1998

Table 5.10: The UK Frozen Fish Market (£m at rsp), 1994-1998

Table 5.11: Household Purchases of Frozen Fish and Frozen Fish Products by Volume - Great Britain (000 tonnes), 1998

Table 5.12: UK Overseas Trade in Fish and Fish Products (£m), 1993-1998

Table 5.13: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises in the UK Fishing Industry by Turnover Size (number and percent), 1998

Table 5.14: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises UK Fish Processing Industry by Turnover Size (number and percent), 1998

Table 5.15: Number of Fishmongers, 1990-1998

Table 5.16: Number of VAT-Based Fish Retailing Businesses by Turnover Size (number and percent), 1998

Table 5.17: Distribution of Fresh Fish and Frozen Fish ( percent of value sales), 1998

Table 5.18: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Fish and Fish Products (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 5.19: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Fish and Fish Products by Key Brands (£000), Year to March 1999

Table 5.20: Per Capita Consumption of Fish (ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 5.21: Purchases of Fish Products ( percent of female housewives), 1996-1998

Table 5.22: Regularity of Fish Portions Served ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 5.23: Weekly Expenditure on Fresh Fish ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 5.24: Penetration and Profile for Selected Fish Products by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 5.25: Forecast UK Consumer Expenditure on Fish Products at Current Prices (£m), 1999-2003

Fruit and Vegetables

DEFINITION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

FORECASTS

Table 6.1: Consumer Expenditure on Fruit and Vegetables at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 6.2: Consumer Expenditure on Fruit and Vegetables at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1993-1998

Table 6.3: Retail Price Index for Fruit and Vegetables (13th January 1987=100), March 1996-March 1999

Table 6.4: Breakdown of Fruit and Vegetable Sales by Value (£m and percent), 1998

Table 6.5: The Fresh Fruit Market by Sector by Value ( percent share), 1998

Table 6.6: UK Overseas Trade in Fruit and Vegetables (£m), 1993-1998

Table 6.7: UK Gross Production of Fresh Vegetables Excluding Potatoes (000 tonnes), 1995/1996-1998/1999

Table 6.8: Home Crop Output of Potatoes for Human ConsumptionÅ (000 tonnes), 1993-1999

Table 6.9: UK Gross Production of Fresh Fruit (000 tonnes), 1997/1998 and 1998/1999

Table 6.10: Number of Growers of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables by Turnover Size (£000), 1998

Table 6.11: Number of Enterprises in Fruit and Vegetable Processing/Preserving and the Manufacture of Fruit and Vegetable Juice by Turnover Size (£000),

1998

Table 6.12: Number of Wholesalers of Fruit and Vegetables by Turnover (£000), 1998

Table 6.13: Distribution of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables by Type of Outlet by Value ( percent share), 1994-1998

Table 6.14: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Fruit and Vegetables (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 6.15: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Key Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Brands and Products (£000), Year to March 1999

Table 6.16: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Key Processed Fruit and Vegetable Brands (£000), Year to March 1999

Table 6.17: Per Capita Consumption of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables (ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 6.18: Per Capita Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables (ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 6.19: Per Capita Consumption of Vegetables and Fruit by Region (ounces per person per week), 1997

Table 6.20: Per Capita Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables by Age (ounces per person per week), 1997

Table 6.21: Per Capita Consumption of Vegetables and Fruit by Income Group (ounces per person per week), 1997

Table 6.22: Household Expenditure on Fresh Vegetables and Fruits ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 6.23: Purchases of Selected Processed Fruit and Vegetables ( percent of female housewives), 1997 and 1998

Table 6.24: Penetration and Profile for Frozen Vegetable Products by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 6.25: Penetration and Profile for Tinned Vegetable Products by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 6.26: Penetration and Profile for Instant Potato by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 6.27: Penetration and Profile for Preserves and Tinned Fruit by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 6.28: Forecast UK Consumer Expenditure on Fruit and Vegetables (£m at rsp), 1999-2003

Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats

DEFINITION/INTRODUCTION

MARKET TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

MARKET STRUCTURE

DISTRIBUTION

MAJOR PLAYERS

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

FORECASTS

Table 7.1: Consumer Expenditure on Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats at Current Prices (£m), 1993-1998

Table 7.2: Consumer Expenditure on Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1993-1998

Table 7.3: Breakdown of the Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats Market by Value ( percent) 1994, 1996 and 1998

Table 7.4: Retail Price Indices for Major Dairy Products, 1996-1999 (13th January 1987=100)

Table 7.5: Consumer Expenditure on Milk at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 7.6: Breakdown of the Milk Market by Sector (£m at rsp and percent), 1998

Table 7.7: Consumer Expenditure on Cream at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 7.8: Breakdown of the Cream Market by Sector (£m at rsp and percent), 1998

Table 7.9: Consumer Expenditure on Cheese at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 7.10: Breakdown of the Cheese Market by Sector (£m at rsp and percent), 1998

Table 7.11: Consumer Expenditure on Yellow Fats at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 7.12: Breakdown of the Yellow Fats Market by Sector (£m at rsp and percent), 1998

Table 7.13: Consumer Expenditure on Yoghurts and Chilled Desserts at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 7.14: Breakdown of the Yoghurt and Chilled Desserts Market by Sector (£m at rsp and percent), 1998

Table 7.15: Consumer Expenditure on Eggs at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 7.16: Overseas Trade in Milk and Dairy ProductsÅ (£m), 1994-1998

Table 7.17: Number of Enterprises producing Milk, Butter, Cream, Cheese and other Dairy ProductsÅ (number and percent), 1998

Table 7.18: Distribution of Liquid Milk to Households by Volume ( percent), 1996, 1997 and 1998

Table 7.19: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Milk and Dairy Products (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 7.20: Main Media Advertising on Selected Brands of Milk, Cheese, Butter, Margarine, Cream and Yoghurt (£000), Year to March 1999

Table 7.21: Household Consumption of Milk and Cheese (pints and ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 7.22: Household Consumption of Oils and Fats (ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 7.23: Household Consumption of Eggs (number of eggs per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 7.24: Purchases of Dairy and Fat Products by UK Households ( percent of housewives), 1996-1998

Table 7.25: Penetration and Profile for Milk and Cream by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.26: Fresh Milk Purchases per Day ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.27: Penetration and Profile for Cheese and Packeted Cheese and Cheese Spread by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.28: Cheese Usage - Pounds per Week ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.29: Penetration and Profile for Butter, Margarine by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.30: Penetration and Profile for Low-Fat Spreads and Dairy Spreads and Eggs by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.31: Penetration and Profile for Yoghurt and Tinned Milk and Cream by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.32: Yoghurt Usage - Cartons Purchased per Week ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 7.33: Forecast UK Consumer Expenditure on Dairy Products, Eggs Oils and Fats Market (£m at rsp), 1999-2003

Bread, Cakes, Biscuits and Cereals

DEFINITION/INTRODUCTION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

IMPORTS AND EXPORTS

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

MARKET SHARES

DISTRIBUTION

ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

FORECASTS

Table 8.1: Consumer Expenditure on Bread, Cakes and Biscuits and Cereals at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 8.2: Consumer Expenditure on Bread, Cakes and Biscuits and Cereals at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1993-1998

Table 8.3: Retail Price Indices for Bread, Biscuits and Cakes and Cereals (13th January 1987=100), March 1996-March 1999

Table 8.4: Volume Consumption of Bread (million tonnes), 1993-1998

Table 8.5: Consumer Expenditure on Bread at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent share), 1993-1998

Table 8.6: Consumer Expenditure on Cakes and Biscuits at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent change), 1993-1998

Table 8.7: UK Breakfast Cereals Market (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 8.8: UK Breakfast Cereals Market by Type (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 8.9: Number of Enterprises in the Bread, Bakery Goods, Biscuits and Cakes Sectors by Turnover Size (£000), 1998

Table 8.10: Enterprises in the Grain Milling/Breakfast Cereals and Cereal-Based Foods Sectors (number and percent share), 1998

Table 8.11: Market Share in the UK Bread Market by Value and Volume ( percent), 1998

Table 8.12: Manufacturers' Shares in the UK Breakfast Cereals Market by Volume ( percent), 1998

Table 8.13: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Bread, Biscuits, Cakes and Cereals (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 8.14: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Brands of Bread, Cakes and Biscuits (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 8.15: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Kelloggs Ready-to-Eat Cereal Brands (£000), Year to March 1999

Table 8.16: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Brands in the Cereals Market (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 8.17: Per Capita Consumption of Bread and Morning Goods, Cakes, Biscuits and Cereals (ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 8.18: Long-Term Trends in the Consumption of Bread and Morning Goods (ounces per person per week), 1950-1997

Table 8.19: Long-Term Trends in the Consumption of Breakfast Cereals (ounces per person per week), 1960-1997

Table 8.20: Usage of Bread and Related Goods ( percent of female housewives), 1996-1998

Table 8.21: Penetration and Profile for Bread and Packets of Biscuits and Crackers by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 8.22: Number of Loaves of Bread Used by Female Housewives ( percent of housewives), 1998

Table 8.23: Penetration and Profile for Fresh/Packeted Cakes and Frozen Cakes and Gateaux by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives),

1998

Table 8.24: Penetration and Profile for Hot and Cold Breakfast Cereals by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 8.25: Influence of the Presence of Children on Housewives Serving Breakfast CerealsÅ ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 8.26: Penetration and Profile for Flour and Frozen and Packeted Pastry and Dough by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives),

1998

Table 8.27: Forecast UKConsumer Expenditure on Bread, Biscuits and Cakes, and Cereals (£m), 1999-2003

Miscellaneous Foods

DEFINITION

SUGAR

OTHER FOODS

Table 9.1: Consumer Expenditure on Sugar at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 9.2: Consumer Expenditure on Sugar at Constant Prices (£m at 1995 prices), 1993-1998

Table 9.3: Main Media Advertising on Sugar and Artificial Sweeteners (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 9.4: Per Capita Consumption of Sugar (ounces per person per week), 1993-1998

Table 9.5: Penetration and Profile for Sugar by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 9.6: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Sugar (£m), 1999-2003

Table 9.7: Consumer Expenditure on Miscellaneous Foods (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 9.8: Consumer Expenditure on Miscellaneous Foods at Constant Prices (£m at 1995 prices), 1993-1998

Table 9.9: Penetration and Profile for Packeted and Tinned Pour Over Sauces, Cook-In Sauces and Pickles, Chutney and Relish by Age Group, Social Grade and

Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 9.10: Penetration and Profile for Brown and Other Sauces and Tomato Ketchup by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 9.11: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Sauces (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 9.12: Main Media Advertising on Pickles, Dressings and Relishes (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 9.13: Retail Sales of Ready Meals (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 9.14: Penetration and Profile for Packeted, Chilled and Frozen Ready MealsÅ by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 9.15: Main Media Advertising on Selected Brands of Frozen Ready Meals Brands (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 9.16: Consumer Expenditure on Pizza at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 9.17: Penetration and Profile of PizzaÅ by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 9.18: Consumer Expenditure on Soup at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 9.19: Penetration and Profile for Tinned Soup and Packet Soup by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 9.20: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Canned Soups and Packet Soups (£000), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 9.21: Consumer Expenditure on Rice at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 9.22: Penetration and Profile for Packeted and Loose RiceÅ by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1998

Table 9.23: Consumer Expenditure on Dry and Fresh Pasta at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1993-1998

Table 9.24: Penetration and Profile for Packeted Spaghetti, Macaroni and Other Pasta Types and Tinned Pasta by Age Group, Social Grade and Region ( percent of

female housewives), 1998

Table 9.25: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Rice and Plain Pasta (£m), Year to March 1998 and 1999

Table 9.26: Forecast UK Consumer Expenditure on Miscellaneous Foods (£m at rsp), 1999-2003

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)

STRENGTHS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

The Future

CONSUMER SPENDING

DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL TRENDS

INDUSTRY TRENDS

SPECIFIC SECTORS

Table 11.1: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Food at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1999-2003

Table 11.2: Age Profile of the UK Population (000 and percent change), 1996 and 2006

Table 11.3: Number of Households and Household Size (number and percent), 1993-2001

Table 11.4: Forecast UK Consumer Expenditure on Food by Major Sectors (£m at rsp), 1999-2003

Further Sources

ASSOCIATIONS

PERIODICALS

DIRECTORIES

GENERAL SOURCES

HOPPENSTEDT BONNIER INFORMATION SOURCES

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

OTHER SOURCES

Text © 1999 Key Note

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Last updated by Jacob van Eldik 22th January 2000