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KN52050 KEY NOTE FOOD MARKET (UK) AUGUST 2000

Editor: Dominic Fenn
ISBN: 1-84168-106-7

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

This report reviews trends in the UK food market, focusing on the major sectors of meat and meat products; fish and fish products; fruit and vegetables; dairy products, eggs, oils and fats; bread, cakes, biscuits and cereals; and miscellaneous foods such as sugar, ready meals, pizzas, rice and pasta. As well as industry and market trends, there is a consideration of corporate developments, consumer purchasing patterns and advertising expenditure. Aggregate sales for all the sectors and products included in this report were £43.62bn in 1999, representing an increase of just 0.7 percent on the previous year’s sales. Measured at constant 1995 prices, there was a 0.3 percent decline in sales in 1999. The weak performance in 1999 was due to further declines in the per capita consumption of core foods, and to price stability — and even price reductions — in many food sectors. Total consumer spending has been increasing at a faster rate than consumer spending on food in recent years, with the result that food items now take a smaller share of overall household spending. In 1999, only 7.8 percent of total consumer expenditure was devoted to food, compared with 8.2 percent in 1998 and 9.1 percent in 1994. Both the food processing and food retailing industries are becoming increasingly concentrated. In food processing, a number of large vertically integrated companies are market leaders in most sectors. In food retailing, the ‘big four’ grocery multiples continue to dominate, although the convenience store sector improved its sales in 1999. The power of the big retailers has forced margins down at many food suppliers. Price discounting by the large supermarkets has been passed on to suppliers, and a number of suppliers have lost contracts as supermarkets have rationalised their supply arrangements. Despite its traditions as an agricultural and food producing nation, the UK is a net importer of food, and the trade deficit in the food industry increased in 1999. The strong pound had a negative effect on exports, while imports increased. Around 3.3 million people are employed in food-related activities, although 1.3 million of these are in the hotels and catering trade. Food retailing is the largest employer in the core food market.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH

In June 2000, Key Note commissioned BMRB International to carry out original reasearch on the eating habits of UK adults. The survey questioned 1,032 adults aged over 16, and the results confirmed the trends towards healthier eating and more convenience and snack foods. An overwhelming majority of respondents, 86 percent, stated that they ate fresh fruit during a typical day; fresh fruit has established itself as a healthy and convenient snack product, and its use at meal occasions, such as breakfast and lunch, has also increased. A majority, 64 percent, also stated that they had a snack during a typical day. There is some decline in traditional meals and meal times as flexible working and leisure lifestyles require more flexible eating habits. The popularity of the cooked breakfast, for example, is declining, and non-cooked breakfasts are increasing their penetration. In the survey, 67 percent of respondents ate a non cooked breakfast during a typical day. Despite the difficulty of sticking to set meal times, 72 percent of adults still had an evening meal with others on a typical day.

FOOD COMPANIES

The food processing and supply sector has undergone major changes in the last 2 years. In the last 12 months, the period of rationalisation has continued, with a series of major acquisitions, mergers and disposals. In the first half of 2000, various international deals have created a number of global food concerns with a stronger presence in the food market. These deals include Unilever’s takeover of the US company Bestfoods, the purchase of Nabisco by Philip Morris, and the sale of Diageo’s Pillsbury food businesses to General Mills. The largest dairy company in Europe has been formed through the merger of MD Foods and Arla. In the UK, significant deals have included the purchase of Unigate’s dairy business by Dairy Crest, and the merger of Bluecrest and Young’s to form the UK’s largest seafood company. The food businesses of Tomkins were also up for sale when this report went to print. Many smaller deals have contributed to the restructuring and increased concentration in the UK food industry as many leading companies sell underperforming or non-core food businesses. Food retailing is still dominated by the ‘big four‘ supermarket chains, and the major event in the last couple of years has been the purchase of ASDA by the US retailing giant Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart’s first UK store under its own name opened in Bristol in July 2000. Earlier, the ailing food discounter Kwik Save was purchased by Somerfield. The power of the supermarkets is currently under investigation by the Competition Commission. The convenience sector has expanded in the last 12 months, with more outlets selling food, and improved margins.

MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS

Consumer expenditure on meat and meat products was valued at £11.61bn in 1999, a decrease of 1.4 percent on the previous year. Total supplies to the UK market increased by 5.8 percent in the year, with all sectors except bacon and ham showing increases. The sales decline was partly due to a decline in volume consumption and partly due to only limited price increases during the year. Sales of carcass meat were £3.16bn in 1999, and sales of beef and lamb/ mutton experienced an upturn. Value sales of pork fell. Sales of poultry fell by 0.2 percent to £2.52bn, due mainly to weaker prices and some supply shortages. The bacon and ham market, valued at £1.89bn, increased by 2 percent, but in the largest sector — meat products — sales fell by 3.4 percent, to £4.04bn. Household penetration of meats such as bacon and sausages is high. The weakest market sector is tinned meats, where there is an image of low quality products.

FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS

Sales of fish and fish products were £2.19bn in 1999, an increase of 3.3 percent on the previous year. This made it the fastest-growing sector in 1999, but virtually all the growth was due to price increases. Volume consumption of fish and fish products remained static in 1999; in real terms, the value of the market has declined since 1997. The market can be divided into three core categories: fresh and chilled fish, frozen fish and canned fish. The fresh and chilled market was valued at £524m in 1999, an increase of 6.7 percent on 1998. Salmon has now overtaken traditional favourites such as haddock and cod as the most popular household purchases. Concerns from environmental agencies about the long term stocks of cod may limit future supplies. The largest sector is frozen fish, with sales of £632m in 1999, an increase of 1.9 percent on the previous year. While fish fingers form the largest product category, sales growth has been hampered by the launch of various budget brands and market growth in the frozen sector is being driven by value added items such as coated fish and fish meals. Canned fish is the smallest and most mature market, and sales growth was limited in 1999. Two of the UK’s leading fish companies — Bluecrest and Young’s — merged in October 1999 and investment by the new company is concentrating on value added lines such as fish meals.

FRUIT AND VEGETABLES

Fruit and vegetables is now the largest food market, with sales of £12.02bn in 1999, an increase of 2.3 percent on 1998. The fruit and vegetables market includes both fresh and processed products. Fresh produce accounts for 60.9 percent of all sales. By product category, vegetables account for the largest market sector with sales of £8.22bn in 1999, compared with sales of £3.8bn for fruit. Demand for fresh potatoes continues to decline as diets become more varied and consumers look for carbohydrates in other foods such as rice and pasta. However, sales of processed potatoes — and particularly frozen chips — are growing. These latter products contributed to an increase of 2 percent in sales of potatoes in 1999, with the market reaching £3bn. Sales of other vegetables grew by 2.7 percent in 1999, to £5.22bn. Prepacked green vegetables and salads are a strong growth area. Fresh fruit sales have increased in the last few years as consumers eat more fruit as snacks and light meals. Bananas and apples are still the most popular fruit, but demand for more exotic fruits is increasing. The banana trade war between the EU and US looks set to continue, and the genetically modified (GM) food debate is also of particular concern to the fruit and vegetables sector.

DAIRY PRODUCTS, EGGS OILS AND FATS

The dairy products sector is in the middle of major changes, with reductions in farm gate prices, a general decline in consumer demand for commodity products, a restructuring of the Milk Marque purchasing system, and two Competition Commission inquiries in 1999. Sales in the dairy products, eggs, oils and fats market increased by just 0.7 percent in 1999, with many product sectors losing sales as consumers opted for healthier and lower-fat foods. The total market was valued at £7.62bn at current prices, but there has been no real growth since 1994. Commodity markets such as milk, eggs and cheese are all struggling to maintain sales. One of the few growth areas is yoghurts and chilled desserts, although even here 1999 growth was weaker than in previous years. The largest market sector is liquid milk, with sales worth £3.53bn in 1999, an increase of 0.4 percent on 1998 . Milk consumption per capita is falling and the majority of sales have shifted from doorstep deliveries to supermarket sales. Milk prices in the latter retail outlets are much lower than the traditional doorstep delivery. Cheese sales increased by 0.9 percent in 1999, to £1.61bn, but the largest growth came in yoghurts and chilled desserts, where sales were £985m, an increase of 1.9 percent on the previous year. Yellow fat sales rose by just 0.6 percent, to £810m, hampered by falling demand and price competition in some areas. Markets such as fresh milk, cheese and eggs are among the most mature markets in the UK food industry, and household penetration is extremely high. In these markets, the potential for further growth must be limited, and, in 1999, household penetration fell slightly. Recent corporate developments include the abolition of the Milk Marque scheme in April 2000, and its replacement by three regional milk buying and selling cooperatives. A major name in the industry, Unigate, is also set to disappear with the purchase of its dairy businesses by Dairy Crest.

BREAD, CAKES, BISCUITS AND CEREALS

Valued at £7.81bn in 1999, this sector includes bread and morning goods, cakes, biscuits and breakfast cereals. Sales grew only marginally in 1999, due mainly to declining value sales of bread and of cakes and biscuits. Bread sales were £2.14bn in 1999, a decrease of 0.8 percent on 1998. The market is becoming increasingly polarised, with expanding premium and speciality bread sectors but a static standard bread segment. The market for bread is probably the most mature of all food sectors, with virtually every house in the country a purchaser. Cake and biscuit sales were valued at £2.36bn in 1999, a decrease of 1.2 percent on the previous year. Alternative snack products and healthy eating concerns were partly to blame. The cereals market generated sales of £3.3bn in 1999. Breakfast cereals, valued at £1.13bn in 1999, is still an expanding market, with new product developments such as cereal bars and single-portion servings boosting sales. However, the leading brands are coming under increasing pressure from own label offerings. The market is increasingly segementing into adult, children’s and healthy cereals.

MISCELLANEOUS FOODS

The one sector of the miscellaneous foods market failing to generate growth is sugar, which is suffering from a long-term decline in sales and per capita consumption. The sugar market was valued at £213m in 1999, and the annual sales decline of 14.8 percent was the third annual double-digit sales decrease in succession. The ‘other foods’ sector was valued at £2.17bn in 1999, an increase of 2.3 percent on 1998. There has been steady growth in the sector in recent years, and it contains many products which are suited to the convenience and health demands of consumers. The product range includes meal enhancers, sauces, rice, pasta and pizzas. The pizza market had another good year in 1999, with new products such as crusty pizzas and pizza pies, along with more authentic pizzas, helping to grow sales. Also described in this section of the report, but not included in the market size figure, are ready meals (individual ready meal sales are included in the appropriate sector chapters, e.g. meat and meat products, and fish and fish products). Ready meals has been a dynamic market in the 1990s, although sales growth weakened in 1998 as new product development activities were reduced. In 1999, the fortunes of the market were revived and sales increased by 6 percent. Consumers are beginning to appreciate that premium ready meals offer good-quality meal options and that the ready meals sector does not just offer cheap alternatives. The result is a market that is benefiting from trading up.

FORECASTS

The limited food market growth of the last 2 years should be replaced by stronger growth in 2000, although a sales increase of 2.4 percent is still modest. Sales are expected to reach £44.65bn in 2000. In the forecast period from 2000 to 2004, sales are forecast to increase by only 9.6 percent, to produce a market valued at £48.95bn in 2004. With the growth in overall consumer expenditure expected to outpace the growth in food sales, food purchases will take an increasingly smaller share of total household purchases. The fruit and vegetables market is expected to show the strongest growth, with fresh fruit continuing to benefit from the moves towards healthier eating. The socio-economic influences on the market will include the ageing population, the growth in single-person households, and more working women. Convenience foods will remain the potential growth area, with consumers likely to trade up to more expensive lines. Health foods and organic foods are likely to become more prominent, and more time-starved shoppers will turn to Internet-based grocery shopping for their major weekly purchases, topping these up with visits to the local store.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary
INTRODUCTION
KEY NOTE CONSUMER RESEARCH
MEAT AND MEAT PRODUCTS
FRUIT AND VEGETABLES
EGGS, OILS AND FATS
CEREALS
MISCELLANEOUS FOODS


1. Market Overview
MARKET DEFINITION
KEY TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
The Growing Importance of the Supermarkets
Table 1.1: Retail Sales Through ‘Predominantly Food Stores’ at Current Prices (£m and index 1995=100), 1994-1999
Table 1.2: Indices of Sales Through Large Food Stores and Small Food Stores (1995=100), 1994-1999
Declining Sales Through Specialist Food Stores
1994-1999
Purchasing Habits
Table 1.4: Origin of Purchases of Fresh and Frozen Food ( percent of female housewives), 1997-1999
Internet Shopping
MARKET SIZE
Consumer Expenditure on Food at Current Prices
Table 1.5: Consumer Expenditure on Food at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Consumer Expenditure on Food at Constant 1995 Prices
Table 1.6: Consumer Expenditure on Food at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1994-1999
Share of Total Consumer Expenditure
Table 1.7: Total Consumer Expenditure at Current Prices and percentage Spent on Food (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Retail Prices
Table 1.8: Food Retail Price Index (January 1987=100), March 1997-March 2000
Foreign Trade
Table 1.9: UK Imports and Exports of Food and Live Animals by Value (£m), 1994-1999
MARKET SEGMENTATION
Sales by Sector at Current Prices
1994-1999
Market Shares
and 1999
Constant 1995 Prices
1994-1999
STRUCTURE
Industry Concentration
Table 1.13: The Number of Food Companies in the UK, 1999
Table 1.14: The Number of VAT-Registered Enterprises in the UK Food Manufacturing Industry, 1994-1999
By Turnover
Table 1.15: The Number of VAT-Registered Food Manufacturing Enterprises by Turnover (£000, number and percent), 1999
By Sector
Table 1.16: The Number of VAT-Registered Enterprises in Specific Food Manufacturing Sectors, 1999
Employment
Table 1.17: Number of Employees in Food-Related Sectors (000), 1997-1999
ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION
Table 1.18: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Food by Major Product Sector (£000), Year to March 2000
BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Trends in Consumption
Table 1.19: Per Capita Consumption of Food by Major Sectors/Products (ounces per person per week), 1994-1999
1998 and 1999
PEST ANALYSIS
Political Factors
Food Standards Agency
Competition Commission
European Commission
Modified Foods
Economic Factors
Economic Stability
Inflation
Supermarket Price Wars
Social Factors
Healthy Eating
Demographic Trends
and Snacking
Household Trends
Children
Shopping Patterns
Technological Factors
Modified Foods
Own Label
Premium Products
Industry Restructuring
Food Shortages
The Internet
A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE
Table 1.21: Number of Food Retailing Enterprises in Selected EU Countries and Their Turnover, 1996


2. Key Note Consumer Research
INTRODUCTION
Table 2.1: Food Eaten During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
COOKED BREAKFAST
Table 2.2: I Eat a Cooked Breakfast During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
NON-COOKED BREAKFAST
Table 2.3: I Eat a Non-Cooked Breakfast during a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
HOT LUNCH
Table 2.4: I Eat a Hot Lunch During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
Table 2.5: I Eat a Prepared Lunch During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
SNACKS
Table 2.6: I Eat Snacks During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
FRESH FRUIT
Table 2.7: I Eat Fresh Fruit During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
Table 2.8: I Eat Take-Away Food During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
READY MEALS
Table 2.9: I Eat Ready Meals During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
HEALTH FOOD
Table 2.10: I Eat Organic/Health Food During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
VEGETARIAN FOOD
Table 2.11: I Eat Vegetarian Food During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
ON MY OWN
Table 2.12: I Eat an Evening Meal on My Own During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000
WITH OTHERS
Table 2.13: I Eat an Evening Meal With Others During a Typical Day ( percent of adults), 2000


3. Competitor Analysis
INTRODUCTION
MARKET LEADERS
1998/1999/2000
Tate & Lyle PLC
Financial Results
1997-2000
Foods PLC
Financial Results
Table 3.3: Financial Performance of Associated British Foods PLC (£m and percent), 1997-1999
Financial Results
Table 3.4: Financial Performance of Unigate (Holdings) PLC (£m and percent), 1998-2000
Hillsdown Holdings Ltd
Financial Results
Table 3.5: Financial Performance of Hillsdown Holdings Ltd (£m and percent), 1996-1998
Tomkins PLC
Financial Results
(Holdings) PLC
Financial Results
Financial Results
Financial Results
Northern Foods PLC
Table 3.7: Northern Foods PLC — Operating Divisions and Businesses, 2000
Financial Results
Table 3.8: Financial Performance of Northern Foods PLC (£m and percent), 1997-1999
Financial Results
Table 3.9: Financial Performance of The Albert Fisher Group PLC (£m and percent), 1997-1999
Financial Results
Table 3.10: Financial Performance of Hazlewood Foods PLC (£m and percent), 1997-1999
HJ Heinz Company Ltd
Financial Results
Dairy Crest Group PLC
Financial Results
Geest PLC
Financial Results
Table 3.12: Financial Performance of Geest PLC (£m and percent), 1998-2000
Bernard Matthews PLC
Financial Results
Table 3.13: Financial Performance of Bernard Matthews PLC (£m and percent), 1997-2000
Financial Results
Table 3.14: Financial Performance of Perkins Foods PLC (£m and percent), 1997-1999
Unilever PLC
Financial Results
Financial Results
Diageo PLC
Kraft Foods UK Ltd
RETAIL DISTRIBUTION
Grocery Multiples
Table 3.15: Selected Leading Grocery Supermarket/Superstore Chains by Number of Outlets, 2000
Table 3.16: Selected Leading Grocery Multiples by Turnover and Pre-Tax Profit (£m), 1999/2000
Convenience Store Multiples
Table 3.17: Selected Leading Convenience Store Multiples by Number of Outlets, 2000
Voluntary Associations and Buying Groups
Table 3.18: Selected Leading Symbol Voluntary Associations and Buying Groups by Number of Members, 2000
Specialist Retailers
Meat Products
MARKET DEFINITION
KEY TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
MARKET SIZE
By Volume
1994-1999
and 1999
By Value
Consumer Expenditure at Current Prices
1994-1999
Consumer Expenditure at Constant 1995 Prices
1994-1999
Retail Prices
Table 4.5: Retail Price Indices for Meat and Meat Products (13th January 1987=100), March 1997-March 2000
Foreign Trade
By Volume
Table 4.6: Imports and Exports of Meat by Volume (000 tonnes), 1994-1999
By Value
Table 4.7: Imports of Meat by Major Product Sector and Area (£m), 1999
MARKET SEGMENTATION
Carcass Meats
Table 4.8: Consumer Expenditure on Carcass Meat at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Beef and Veal
By Volume
Table 4.9: Beef and Veal Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1994-1999
Mutton and Lamb
By Volume
Table 4.10: Mutton and Lamb Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1994-1999
Product Shares
Pork
By Volume
Table 4.11: Pork Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1994-1999
Bacon and Ham
By Volume
Table 4.12: UK Bacon and Ham Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1994-1999
By Value
Table 4.13: Consumer Expenditure on Bacon and Ham at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
Table 4.14: The Household Bacon Market by Sector by Value ( percent), 1999
Poultry
By Volume
Table 4.15: Poultry Supplies by Volume (000 tonnes), 1994-1999
By Value
Table 4.16: Consumer Expenditure on Poultry at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
By Value
Table 4.18: Consumer Expenditure on Other Meat and Meat Products at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
STRUCTURE
Industry Concentration
1999
Distribution
Table 4.20: Retail Distribution of Meat by Type of Outlet by Volume ( percent), 1999
MAJOR PLAYERS
Bernard Matthews PLC
Birds Eye Wall’s Ltd
Hazlewood Foods PLC
Kerry Group PLC
Northern Foods PLC
Perkins Foods PLC
(UK) Ltd
Unigate (Holdings) PLC
March 2000
By Brand
March 2000
BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Trends in Consumption
1995-1999
Consumer Expenditure
1999
Table 4.25: Weekly Spending on Fresh and Frozen Poultry and on Prepacked/Prepared Meat ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Table 4.26: Penetration of Meat Products ( percent of female housewives), 1997-1999
Bacon, Sausages and Meat Pies and Pasties
Table 4.27: Penetration and Profile for Bacon, Sausages and Meat Pies and Pasties by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Bacon
Sausages
Table 4.29: Frequency of Use of Sausages ( percent of female housewives serving), 1999
Meat Pies and Pasties
1999
Frozen Meats
Table 4.31: Penetration and Profile for Frozen Meats by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Frozen Poultry
Table 4.32: Frequency of Use of Frozen Poultry ( percent of female housewives serving), 1999
Frozen Meatburgers
Table 4.33: Frequency of Use of Frozen Meatburgers ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Other Frozen Meat and Poultry Products
Table 4.34: Penetration and Profile for Tinned Meats by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
2000 TO 2004
Table 4.35: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Meat and Meat Products at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004
Fish Products
MARKET DEFINITION
KEY TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
MARKET SIZE
By Volume
Table 5.1: Consumption of Fish in the UK by Volume (000 tonnes), 1993-1999
By Value
Consumer Expenditure at Current Prices
1994-1999
Consumer Expenditure at Constant 1995 Prices
1994-1999
Table 5.4: Retail Price Indices for Fish (13th January 1987=100), March 1997-March 2000
Foreign Trade
Table 5.5: UK Overseas Trade in Fish and Fish Products by Value (£m), 1994-1999
Table 5.6: Imports of Fish and Fish Products by Type by Value and Volume (£m and 000 tonnes), 1999
MARKET SEGMENTATION
Fresh and Chilled Fish
1995-1999
Product Shares
Table 5.8: Household Purchases of Fresh and Chilled Fish in Great Britain by Type of Fish by Volume (tonnes and percent), Year to 30th May 2000
Frozen Fish
Table 5.9: Consumer Expenditure on Frozen Fish at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1995-1999
Product Shares
1999
Canned Fish
Table 5.11: Consumer Expenditure on Canned Fish at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1995-1999
Table 5.12: UK Sales of Canned Fish by Type of Fish by Value ( percent), 1999
STRUCTURE
Industry Concentration
Fishing and Fish Farms
Table 5.13: Number of VAT-Registered Enterprises in the UK Fishing Industry by Turnover (£000, number and percent), 1999
Fish Processing
Table 5.14: Number of VAT-Registered Enterprises in the UK Fish Processing Industry by Turnover (£000, number and percent), 1999
Landings
Table 5.15: Fish Landings — Monthly Averages (000 tonnes), 1994-1999
Distribution
Table 5.16: The Number of Specialist Fishmongers in the UK, 1990-1998
Table 5.17: Distribution of Fresh Fish and Frozen Fish by Type of Outlet by Value ( percent), 1999
MAJOR PLAYERS
Group PLC
Birds Eye Wall’s Ltd
HJ Heinz Company Ltd
John West Foods Ltd
(Wholesale) Ltd
Princes Ltd
Seafood Ltd
Other Companies
March 2000
By Brand
Table 5.19: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Key Brands of Fish and Fish Products (£000), Year to March 2000
BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Trends in Consumption
Table 5.20: Per Capita Consumption of Fish (ounces per person per week), 1994-1999
1999
Table 5.22: Frequency of Serving Fish and Fish Products ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Table 5.23: Weekly Expenditure on Fresh Fish ( percent of female housewives), 1999
1999
Table 5.25: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Fish and Fish Products at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004


6. Fruit and Vegetables
MARKET DEFINITION
MARKET SIZE
1994-1999
Consumer Expenditure at Constant 1995 Prices
1994-1999
Retail Prices
Table 6.3: Retail Price Indices for Fruit and Vegetables (13th January 1987=100), March 1997-March 2000
Potatoes
Fresh Vegetables
Table 6.5: UK Production and Imports of Fresh Vegetables by Volume (000 tonnes), 1995-1999
Table 6.6: Imports of Fresh or Chilled Vegetables by Type by Volume (000 tonnes), 1998 and 1999
Fresh Fruit
Table 6.7: UK Production and Imports of Fresh Fruit by Volume (000 tonnes), 1995-1999
1999
MARKET SEGMENTATION
Fruit and Vegetables
Fresh Fruit
Table 6.10: The Fresh Fruit Market by Sector by Value ( percent), 1999
Industry Concentration
1999
Vegetables
Table 6.12: UK Gross Production of Fresh Vegetables Excluding Potatoes (000 tonnes), 1995/1996-1998/1999
Fruit
Table 6.13: UK Gross Production of Fresh Fruit (000 tonnes), 1997/1998 and 1998/1999
Distribution
Wholesale
Table 6.14: Number of VAT-Registered Wholesalers of Fruit and Vegetables by Turnover (£000, number and percent), 1999
Retail
Table 6.15: Distribution of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables by Type of Outlet by Value ( percent), 1994-1999
Group PLC
Birds Eye Wall’s Ltd
Capespan International Holdings Ltd
Incorporated
Del Monte Fresh Produce (UK) Ltd
Fyffes PLC
Geest PLC
HJ Heinz Company Ltd
MBM Produce Ltd
McCain Foods (GB) Ltd
Princes Ltd
Brothers Ltd
March 2000
By Brand
Table 6.17: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Brands of Fruit and Vegetables (£000), Year to March 2000
BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Trends in Consumption
Table 6.18: Per Capita Consumption of Fresh Fruit and All Vegetables by Type (ounces per person per week), 1994-1999
By Region
Table 6.19: Per Capita Consumption of Fresh Vegetables, Potatoes and Fresh Fruit by Government Office Region (ounces per person per week), 1998
By Age
1998
By Household Income
Table 6.21: Per Capita Consumption of Fresh Vegetables, Potatoes and Fresh Fruit by Household Income Group (ounces per person per week), 1998
Consumer Expenditure
Table 6.22: Weekly Household Expenditure on Fresh Fruit and Vegetables ( percent of female housewives), 1998 and 1999
Consumer Penetration
Processed Fruit and Vegetables
Table 6.23: Penetration of Selected Processed Fruit and Vegetable Products ( percent of female housewives), 1998 and 1999
Frozen Vegetables
1999
Jam, Marmalade and Tinned Fruit
1999
Tinned Vegetables
1999
Instant Potato
Table 6.27: Penetration and Profile for Instant Potato by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
2000 TO 2004
Table 6.28: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Fruit and Vegetables at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004


7. Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats
MARKET DEFINITION
KEY TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
MARKET SIZE
Consumer Expenditure at Current Prices
Table 7.1: Consumer Expenditure on Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Consumer Expenditure at Constant 1995 Prices
Table 7.2: Consumer Expenditure on Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1994-1999
Retail Prices
1997-2000
Foreign Trade
1995-1999
Table 7.5: Imports of Selected Milk and Dairy Products by Value and Volume (£m and tonnes), 1999
MARKET SEGMENTATION
Table 7.6: Retail Sales of Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats by Type of Product by Value ( percent), 1994, 1997 and 1999
Liquid Milk
Table 7.7: Consumer Expenditure on Liquid Milk at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
Table 7.8: Retail Sales of Liquid Milk by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent) , 1999
Cream
Table 7.9: Consumer Expenditure on Cream at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
1999
Cheese
Table 7.11: Consumer Expenditure on Cheese at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
Table 7.12: Retail Sales of Cheese by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 1999
Yellow Fats
Table 7.13: Consumer Expenditure on Yellow Fats at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Table 7.14: Retail Sales of Yellow Fats by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 1999
Yoghurts and Chilled Desserts
Table 7.15: Consumer Expenditure on Yoghurts and Chilled Desserts at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
Table 7.16: Retail Sales of Yoghurt and Chilled Desserts by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 1999
Eggs
Table 7.17: Consumer Expenditure on Eggs at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
STRUCTURE
Industry Concentration
1999
Distribution
Table 7.19: Distribution of Liquid Milk by Channel by Volume ( percent), 1996, 1998 and 1999
MAJOR PLAYERS
Foods Ltd
Co-operative Wholesale Society Ltd
Dairy Crest Group PLC
Express Dairies PLC
Company Ltd
Kraft Foods UK Ltd
MD Foods PLC
Müller Dairy (UK) Ltd
Nestlé UK Ltd
Products (UK) Ltd
Northern Foods PLC
Dairies PLC
Unigate (Holdings) PLC
Foods Ltd
March 2000
By Brand
March 2000
BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Trends in Consumption
Milk, Cream and Cheese
1994-1999
Fats
Table 7.23: Household Consumption of Fats (ounces per person per week), 1994-1999
Eggs
1994-1999
Table 7.25: Penetration of Dairy Products and of Oils and Fats by Type of Product ( percent of female housewives), 1998 and 1999
Fresh Milk and Cream
Table 7.26: Penetration and Profile for Fresh Milk and Cream by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Frequency of Purchase
1999
Cheese
Table 7.28: Penetration and Profile for Cheese and Packeted Cheese/Cheese Spread by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Frequency of Use
Table 7.29: Cheese Usage — Pounds Per Week ( percent of female housewives serving), 1999
Yoghurt and Tinned Milk and Cream
Table 7.30: Penetration and Profile for Yoghurt and for Tinned Milk and Cream by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
1998
Butter and Margarine
1999
2000 TO 2004
Table 7.33: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Dairy Products, Eggs, Oils and Fats at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004


8. Bread, Cakes, Biscuits and Cereals
MARKET DEFINITION
KEY TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
MARKET SIZE
Consumer Expenditure at Current Prices
Table 8.1: Consumer Expenditure on Bread, Cakes and Biscuits, and Cereals at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Consumer Expenditure at Constant 1995 Prices
Table 8.2: Consumer Expenditure on Bread, Cakes and Biscuits, and Cereals at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1994-1999
Retail Prices
Table 8.3: Retail Price Indices for Bread, Cakes and Biscuits, and Cereals (13th January 1987=100), March 1997-March 2000
Foreign Trade
Table 8.4: Imports and Exports of Bread, Bakery Products and Prepared Cereal Products by Value and Volume (£m and 000 tonnes), 1999
MARKET SEGMENTATION
Morning Goods
By Volume
1994-1999
By Value
Table 8.6: Consumer Expenditure on Bread and Morning Goods at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 1994-1999
Product Shares
Cakes and Biscuits
By Value
Table 8.7: Consumer Expenditure on Cakes and Biscuits at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
Breakfast Cereals
By Value
Table 8.8: Consumer Expenditure on Breakfast Cereals at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Product Shares
1994-1999
Convenience Products
STRUCTURE
Industry Concentration
Bakery Products
Table 8.10: Number of VAT-Registered Enterprises in the Bread, Bakery Goods, Biscuits and Cakes Sectors by Turnover (£000, number and percent), 1999
Breakfast Cereals
Distribution
MAJOR PLAYERS
Table 8.12: Manufacturers’ Shares in the UK Breakfast Cereals Market by Volume ( percent), 1999
Allied Bakeries Ltd
British Bakeries Ltd
Cereal Partners UK
Fine Lady Bakeries Ltd
Fletchers Bakeries Ltd
The Jacob’s Bakery Ltd
W Jordan (Cereals) Ltd
Great Britain Ltd
Northern Foods PLC
Quaker Oats Ltd
UK Ltd
Warburtons Ltd
Weetabix Ltd
Bakery Ltd
ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION
Table 8.13: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Bread, Cakes, Biscuits and Cereals (£000), Year to March 2000
By Brand
and Biscuits
Table 8.14: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Brands of Bread, Cakes and Biscuits (£000), Year to March 2000
Breakfast Cereals
Table 8.15: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Leading Ready-to-Eat Cereal Brands (£000), Year to March 2000
Cereals Requiring Preparation
Table 8.16: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Cereal Brands Requiring Preparation (£000), Year to March 2000
Cereal Bars
Table 8.17: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Cereal Bars (£000), Year to March 2000
BUYING BEHAVIOUR
Trends in Consumption
Table 8.18: Per Capita Consumption of Bread and Morning Goods, Cakes and Biscuits, Flour and Other Cereals (ounces per person per week), 1994-1999
Consumption of Bread
1950-1999
Consumer Penetration
and 1999
Bread and Biscuits
1999
Product Shares
Table 8.22: Type of Bread Used Most Often ( percent of female housewives), 1998 and 1999
Frequency of Use
Table 8.23: Number of Loaves of Bread Used Per Week ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Cakes
1999
Breakfast Cereals
Crispbread
Table 8.26: Penetration and Profile for Crispbread by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
2000 TO 2004
2000-2004
MARKET DEFINITION
SUGAR
Market Size
Table 9.1: Consumer Expenditure on Sugar at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Table 9.2: Consumer Expenditure on Sugar at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1994-1999
Artificial Sweeteners
1994-1999
Major Players
Promotion
Table 9.4: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Sugar and Artificial Sweeteners (£000), Year to March 2000
Buying Behaviour
Consumer Penetration
1999
Frequency of Use
Table 9.6: Frequency of Use of Sugar ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Forecasts 2000 to 2004
Table 9.7: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Sugar at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004
OTHER FOODS
Market Size
Table 9.8: Consumer Expenditure on Other Foods at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Table 9.9: Consumer Expenditure on Other Foods at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1994-1999
2000-2004
Market Size
1995-1999
Product Shares
Major Players
Promotion
Table 9.12: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Cooking Sauces and Mixes, and on Sauces and Condiments (£000), Year to March 2000
Buying Behaviour
Consumer Penetration
Cook-In Sauces, Pour-Over Sauces, and Chutneys, Pickles and Relishes
1999
Tomato Ketchup
1999
Frequency of Use
1999
2000-2004
READY MEALS
Market Size
Table 9.17: Consumer Expenditure on Ready Meals at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Frozen Ready Meals
1995-1999
Product Shares
Table 9.19: Retail Sales of Frozen Ready Meals by Sector by Value (£m and percent), 1999
Chilled Ready Meals
1995-1999
Promotion
Table 9.21: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Brands of Frozen Ready-to-Eat Meals and Prepared Foods (£000), Year to March 2000
Buying Behaviour
1999
Frequency of Use
1999
Forecasts 2000 to 2004
2000-2004
PIZZA
Market Size
Table 9.25: Consumer Expenditure on Pizza at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Promotion
Table 9.26: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Selected Frozen Pizza Brands (£000), Year to March 2000
Buying Behaviour
1999
Table 9.28: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Pizza at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004
SOUP
Market Size
Table 9.29: Consumer Expenditure on Soup at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Promotion
Table 9.30: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Canned Soup and Packet Soup (£000), Year to March 2000
Buying Behaviour
1999
Forecasts 2000 to 2004
Table 9.32: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Soup at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004
RICE AND PASTA
Market Size
Rice
Table 9.33: Consumer Expenditure on Rice at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-1999
Pasta
1994-1999
Promotion
Year to March 2000
Buying Behaviour
Rice
1999
Pasta
Table 9.37: Penetration and Profile for Packeted Spaghetti, Macaroni and Other Pasta, and for Tinned Pasta by Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of female housewives), 1999
Rice
Table 9.38: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Rice at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004
Pasta
Table 9.39: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Pasta at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004


10. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS


11. The Future
2000 TO 2004
Table 11.1: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Food at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004
By Market Sector
Table 11.2: Forecast Consumer Expenditure on Food by Major Sectors at Current Prices (£m at rsp), 2000-2004
DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIAL TRENDS
Disposable Income
2000-2003
Population Trends
Table 11.4: The UK Population by Age Group (000), 1996-2011
Working Women
Household Size
1993-2001


12. Further Sources
Associations
Periodicals
Directories
General Sources
Bonnier Information Sources
Publications
Other Sources

TGI Data
Number, Profile, Penetration
Social Grade
Standard Region

Key Note Research

Text © 2000 Key Note

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Last updated by Jacob van Eldik 22th January 2000