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KN45029 KEY NOTE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (UK) DECEMBER
1999
ISBN
1-84168-014-1
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
-
- MARKET
OVERVIEW
- The construction industry accounts for around
8 percent of gross domestic produce (GDP) at current prices, contributing to the
economy in terms of financial input, materials and employment. There are over
167,575 firms classified to construction, employing around 1.4 million people
and most firms are small, with over 50 percent being sole proprietors. 25.3 percent of
companies have turnover below £49,000 and only 1.1 percent over £5m. The
industry has a history of reacting sensitively to economic downturns.
The
number of small firms has declined somewhat, with the total number of
construction companies accounting for 10.6 percent of VAT-based enterprises in 1998 as
opposed to 11.5 percent in 1995. At the same time, private sector construction's share
of total business investment has declined from 2.1 percent in 1997 to 1.9 percent in 1998.
Despite these trends of decline, construction's contribution to GDP has grown
from 7.4 percent in 1995. Moreover, a growing general trend amongst the larger
companies is for a steady rise in turnover and profits due to increased
efficiencies, whereas in the past the industry has accepted poorer margins.
Output of the construction market in 1998 was £62.06bn, having grown
in value terms by 6.4 percent on 1997 and from £52.64bn in 1995. New work
accounted for 52.4 percent of output value in 1998 and repair and maintenance for the
remaining 47.6 percent. There is an increasing tendency for public sector work to be
handled by the Private Finance Initiative (PFI), with companies often
financing, designing, building and long-term managing the projects.
The UK
has a number of experienced and reputable companies, many of which are able to
compete abroad. Indeed, British companies were responsible for some
£4.26bn of overseas construction work in 1998, with the US accounting for
42.5 percent.
The industry has been the subject of much research and development
(R&D) since 1996/1997, with the recommendations of the Egan Report
resulting in Best Practice schemes and a larger degree of partnering and
innovation. Nevertheless, there is currently a shortage of skilled workers,
although there are plans to address this with investment in training and
information technology (IT).
The four key sectors which constitute the
essential parts of construction activity are housebuilding, infrastructure,
industrial and commercial, all of which use a considerable amount of building
materials.
- HOUSEBUILDING
- The housebuilding sector represents 39.7 percent of
construction output and was worth £24.63bn in 1998, having increased from
£21.18bn in 1994. Repair and maintenance is the dominant sector,
contributing 65.8 percent to housing output, driven by the fact that the UK has a very
high degree of home ownership. New work accounts for the remaining 34.1 percent.
The private sector is the largest area and has been particularly buoyant in
1998/1999, given relatively low interest rates to date and improved consumer
confidence. The majority of the key housebuilders have all seen profits rise,
with the average value of properties increasing. The trend is now towards
larger properties of three and four bedrooms and detached houses. The demand
for housing obviously follows the requirements of the population, with the
number of households in England set to rise by 15.2 percent in the period from 1996 to
2016. Within these figures, co-habiting couples and other multiperson
households will show the greatest increases, with married couple households
declining. Regionally, the South East accounts for the greatest number of
private sector completions and this is expected to continue.
The largest
housebuilders within the UK are George Wimpey PLC and Barratt Developments PLC.
However, there are over 40,000 general builders firms and 3,600 building and
civil engineering contracting firms, both of which categories could incorporate
housebuilding to some degree. The total number of general builders has
declined, although around 28 percent of the value of work done is still carried out by
firms of less than 14 employees. Small firms of less than three employees also
account for over two-thirds of all building and civil engineering contractors.
However, in this case, firms of more than 80 employees are responsible for
79.6 percent of the value of work, with firms of more than 1,200 employees accounting
for 32.7 percent. Clearly, the largest firms are able to offer economies of scale.
Advertising spend by the housebuilding sector has increased to £19m,
reflecting more optimistic market conditions.
Current issues include
dissatisfaction with the time taken to gain planning approvals for new housing,
which many house builders regard as restricting sector growth and the debate
over projections for new housing required, particularly in the South, to meet
the needs of a growing population. At the same time, quality building land is
becoming increasingly expensive and the Government has a target of achieving
60 percent of developments on brownfield sites by the year 2008.
The trend in
housing starts is marginally positive with a comparison of the first 9 months
in 1999 and 1998 showing an increase of 1.1 percent. However, a similar comparison for
completions shows a decrease of 3.7 percent. These relatively disappointing figures
may reflect the current difficulties encountered by house builders in obtaining
planning permission or, more negatively, they may highlight an imminent
slowdown in the housing market. Nevertheless, new housing is still expected to
increase by a total of 7.9 percent over the forecast period from 1999 to 2003, and
repair, maintenance and improvement by 18.3 percent. This takes into account public
sector maintenance work which is to receive a boost.
- INFRASTRUCTURE
- Infrastructure is responsible for approximately
19 percent of construction new works, or £6.18bn, having increased from
£5.15bn in 1994.
Roads constitute the largest sector at 26.5 percent of
output value for new work in 1998, followed by gas, air and communications at
20.8 percent, water -- 14.4 percent, railways -- 14 percent, sewerage -- 12.3 percent, electricity -- 7.3 percent
and harbours -- 4.2 percent.
The civil engineering sector tends to be concerned
with infrastructure and there are just under 20,000 civil engineering firms in
the UK, with numbers having increased dramatically since 1996. Firms of less
than three employees account for 89.1 percent of the total and those with over 600
employees account for less than 1 percent. However, over 50 percent of the value of work is
undertaken by the larger firms of more than 115 employees. Leading companies
involved in the infrastructure sector, as well as other areas, are Mowlem and
Balfour Beatty.
Infrastructure is also split between the public and private
sectors, with increased use of the PFI and the volume of orders classified to
the public sector reducing. Total infrastructure is expected to decline by a
further 3 percent throughout 1999 with a modest upturn in the year 2000. Roads will
show some growth, but improvements in the overall sector will be driven by rail
due to The Channel Tunnel Rail Link, London Underground and investment by
Railtrack.
- INDUSTRISL
CONSTRUCTION
- The industrial sector is linked to the fortunes
of manufacturing since it includes factories, warehouses and processing
installations for oil, coal and steel. The private industrial new work sector
is responsible for 6.1 percent of construction output or £3.81bn in 1998, which
is relatively small compared to the other sectors. Factories account for the
largest share at 67 percent of new work, warehouses for 30.4 percent and oil, steel and coal
for 2.7 percent.
Business investment in this area is critical if the sector is to
grow. However, manufacturing investment as a percentage of total business
investment has declined over the period 1995 to 1998, from 22.5 percent to 19.5 percent,
although in value terms it has increased and now stands at £20bn.
Nevertheless, the bulk of investment has been in capital equipment rather than
new buildings. Private clients and individual companies represent a key source
of investment, but are unlikely to spend on new plant during harsher economic
times.
New work is primarily in the private sector, which accounted for
97 percent of contractors' output in 1998. Once again, civil engineers are most likely
to undertake work in industrial construction and the number of firms has
increased by 84 percent since 1996, although the average value of work done has
increased by only 29 percent over the period. The civil engineers employ more
operatives than administrative staff with the former increasing by 15.1 percent in
1998, and the latter by only 6.8 percent. Many of the larger groups undertake
industrial work, for example Laing and Costain.
The sector is likely to
decline by around 7 percent throughout 1999, stabilising in the year 2000 and then
increasing as business confidence improves. Over the 5-year period from 1999 to
2003, the total increase is likely to be 5.7 percent.
- COMMERCIAL
CONSTRUCTION
- The commercial sector is the most diverse
within the construction market and incorporates an increasing degree of PFI
work for `public benefit' projects such as health and education. However, there
is still a large proportion of such work included under public non-housing. In
total, private commercial work equated to £9.92bn in 1998 with public
work in similar areas at £3.89bn. The private commercial sector accounts
for 16 percent of construction output and is the biggest overall sector within new
work. The largest share within private commercial is offices at 35.2 percent in 1998,
followed by shops at 25.8 percent and entertainment at 24.1 percent. In the public sector,
schools and colleges have the largest proportion at 24.8 percent, followed by health
at 19.7 percent and miscellaneous at 17.2 percent.
The building and civil engineering
contractors are most likely to undertake regular work within the commercial
sector and the number of firms has decreased by 27.8 percent since 1996, with the
value of work done rising by 16.6 percent. A third of the value of work undertaken in
1998 was carried out by firms of more than 1,200 employees. The average
turnover of the leading companies in the marketplace is well in excess of
£200m, with some being multibillion pound public limited companies
(PLCs). These large companies can obviously offer a broad range of expertise.
The sector is expected to grow significantly up to 2001 due to health and
education, whereas retail and entertainment will slow down somewhat compared to
previous years due to a decline in the number of out-of-town developments and
the end of Millennium project developments. The private commercial sector as a
whole will increase by 1.7 percent over the forecast period.
- BUILDING
MATERIALS
- The list of building materials used within the
construction market is extensive and a selection of ten materials have
therefore been chosen which typify sector activity. These include sand and
gravel, bricks, cement, ready-mixed concrete, clay and concrete roofing tiles,
concrete building blocks, structural steel, sawn and laminated wood and
builders' carpentry and joinery.
The combined market size of these product
groups is estimated to be £8.2bn in 1998. The industries are typified by
a large number of small- to medium-sized companies, with around 15 percent having
turnover over £1m and 4 percent above £5m. There are a number of key
players forming part of large groups, with interests in several sectors and
including Blue Circle and RMC. The sector has seen a degree of rationalisation
in recent years and there is a growing level of foreign ownership, especially
within the brick market. There have also been recent takeovers both by foreign
and UK-based companies within the aggregates, cement and concrete industries.
Distribution of building materials tends to be in large part through the
builders' merchants, with members of the Builders Merchants Federation (BMF)
collectively accounting for £6.2bn worth of building materials per annum.
Within the builders' merchant sector there has also been some rationalisation
with an estimated 40 percent of the market now in the hands of three players -- Meyer,
Travis Perkins and Wolseley. The sector is currently experiencing a positive
trend, with sales of heavy materials through BMF members growing by 5.3 percent for
the cumulative year to July 1999 compared with the first 6 months of 1998.
The strong pound continues to place UK construction materials manufacturers
under competitive pressures both at home and overseas, although the majority of
the products examined are not heavily dependent upon imports and, indeed,
prices of many construction materials show steady rises throughout 1999. There
is variation in the growth rate of each of the individual products, but it is
expected that market size at current prices will have grown to £9.26bn by
2003, an increase of 13 percent on 1998.
- THE FUTURE
- The construction industry still remains
dependent upon the performance of the economy as a whole. However, it is
expected that the industry will see an overall improvement in activity over the
forecast period due in part to increased investment in Government-supported
projects. Growth areas will be offices, health and education, private housing
(new build and refurbishment activity), railways and public housing
improvements. Road maintenance will also improve to some degree.
Key Note
forecast that the total construction market will grow by 9.2 percent over the forecast
period from 1999 to 2003, with new work growing by 5.3 percent and repair, maintenance
and improvement by 13.4 percent.
It is also anticipated that the industry will
see further consolidation and streamlining of activities with companies
focussing upon core expertise. The PFI will increase in popularity for public
projects and the trend towards partnering and team work will continue, enabling
the UK construction industry to become more efficient and competitive both at
home and overseas.
Back to Top
TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Executive Summary
- Market Overview
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- INTRODUCTION
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- TRADE ORGANISIATIONS
- MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION
- PEST ANALYSIS
- OVERSEAS TRADE
- KEY TRENDS
- Table 1.1: Output of Construction Industry
and GDP (£m), 1995-1999
- Table 1.2: Business Investment by Industry
(£m), 1995-1999
- Table 1.3: Number of Enterprises by Standard
Industrial Classification (SIC), 1998
- Table 1.4: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises
in the UK, 1995-1998
- Table 1.5: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises
in the Construction Industry by Type, 1998
- Table 1.6: Number of Units in the
Construction Industry by Turnover Size (£000), 1998
- Table 1.7: Size Analysis of Private Sector
Contracting Firms by Number of Employees (000), 1996-1998
- Table 1.8: Size Analysis of Private Sector
Contracting Firms by Number of Companies, 1994-1998
- Table 1.9: Geographic Distribution of
Permanent Private Sector Contracting Firms by Region (number of companies),
1994-1998
- Table 1.10: All Personnel Employed in the
Construction Industry (000), 1994-1999
- Table 1.11: Employment by Private
Contractors According to Trade, 1994-1998
- Table 1.12: Output of the Construction
Industry by Main Sectors at Current Prices (£m), 1994-1999
- Table 1.13: British Construction Work
Overseas by Value of Work Done at Current Prices (£m), 1993-1998
- Key Note Field Research
- INTRODUCTION
- BUSINESS OUTLOOK
- GROWTH RATES
- SKILLS/TRAINING
- INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
- OVERSEAS WORK
- OTHER COMMENTS
- Housebuilding
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- MARKET POSITION
- KEY TRENDS
- ORGANISATIONS
- MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION
- OVERSEAS TRADE
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION
- BUYING BEHAVIOUR
- FORECAST 1999 TO 2003
- Table 4.1: Comparison of Housing Output and
GDP at Current Prices (£m), 1994-1999
- Table 4.2: Output of Housing Sector of the
Construction Industry at Current Prices (£m), 1993-1999
- Table 4.3: Number of Housing Starts in the
UK (000), 1993-1999
- Table 4.4: Number of Housing Completions in
the UK (000), 1993-1999
- Table 4.5: Permanent Dwellings Completed by
Type of Owner and Region, 1993-1998
- Table 4.6: Permanent Dwellings Completed per
1,000 Population by Region, 1993-1998
- Table 4.7: Output of Housebuilding by
Subsector at Current Prices (£m) 1993-1998
- Table 4.8: General Builders in the
Housebuilding Sector by Turnover Size (£000), 1998
- Table 4.9: Number of General Builder Firms
(Private Contractors) and Value of Work Done (number of companies and
£m), 1993-1998
- Table 4.10: General Builders (Private
Contractors) in the Housebuilding Sector in Great Britain by Number of
Employees, 1996-1998
- Table 4.11: Value of Work Done by General
Builders (Private Contractors) in the Housebuilding Sector in Great Britain by
Number of Employees (£m),
- 1996-1998
- Table 4.12: Employment by General Builders
(Private Contractors) in the Housebuilding Sector in Great Britain by Number of
Employees (000 companies),
- 1996-1998
- Table 4.13: Number of Building and Civil
Engineers (Private Contractors) and Value of Work Done (£m),
1993-1998
- Table 4.14: Private Contractor Builders and
Civil Engineers in the Housebuilding Sector in Great Britain by Number of
Employees, 1996-1998
- Table 4.15: Value of Work Done by Builders
and Civil Engineers (Private Contractors) in the Housebuilding Sector in Great
Britain by Number of Employees
- (£m), 1996-1998
- Table 4.16: Employment by Builders and Civil
Engineers (Private Contractors) in the Housebuilding Sector in Great Britain by
Number of Employees (000
- companies), 1996-1998
- Table 4.17: Main Media Advertising
Expenditure by Housebuilders (£000), 1998 and 1999
- Table 4.18: Private Sector Dwellings
Completed by Number of Bedrooms, 1994-1997
- Table 4.19: Private New Housing - percentage
of House Types in Total Starts ( percent), 1994-1998
- Table 4.20: Estimates and Projections of
Numbers of Households in England (000), 1996-2016
- Table 4.21: Main Institutional Sources of
Finance for House Purchases and Improvement - Gross Advances (£m),
1993-1998
- Table 4.22: Forecast Number of New Housing
Starts and Completions in the UK, (000 dwellings), 1997-2001
- Table 4.23: Total Forecast Market for
Housebuilding at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1999-2003
- Infrastructure
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- MARKET POSITION
- KEY TRENDS
- ORGANISATIONS
- MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- BUYING BEHAVIOUR
- FORECAST 1999 TO 2003
- Table 5.1: Infrastructure Sector - Economic
and Market Position of New Works at Current Prices (£m), 1994-1999
- Table 5.2: Value of Private Contractors in
the Infrastructure Sector at Current Prices (£m), 1993-1998
- Table 5.3: Value of Contractors Output in
the Infrastructure Sector by Type at Current Prices (£m), 1994-1999
- Table 5.4: Contractors in the Infrastructure
Sector by Turnover Size (£000), 1998
- Table 5.5: Number of Private Contractor
Civil Engineers and Value of Work Done in the Infrastructure Sector (£m),
1993-1998
- Table 5.6: Number of Private Contractor
Civil Engineers by Number of Employees in the Infrastructure Sector,
1996-1998
- Table 5.7: Value of Work Done by Private
Contractor Civil Engineers in the Infrastructure Sector (£m),
1996-1998
- Table 5.8: Employment by Contractor Civil
Engineers in the Infrastructure Sector by Number of Employees, 1996-1998
- Table 5.9: The Leading Infrastructure
Contracts Awarded by Contractor (£m), September 1999
- Table 5.10: Orders to the Construction
Industry in the Infrastructure Sector at Current Prices (£m),
1993-1999
- Table 5.11: Forecast Orders to the
Construction Industry in the Infrastructure Sector by Type of Work at Current
Prices (£m), 1993-1999
- Table 5.12: Forecast Infrastructure Sector
at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1999-2003
- Industrial Construction
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- MARKET POSITION
- KEY TRENDS
- MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- BUYING BEHAVIOUR
- FORECAST 1999 TO 2003
- Table 6.1: Industrial Construction Sector -
Economic and Market Position of New Works at Current Prices (£m),
1994-1999
- Table 6.2: Value of Contractors Output of
New Work in the Industrial Sector at Current Prices (£m), 1994-1999
- Table 6.3: Contractors in the Industrial
Construction Sector by Turnover Size (£000), 1998
- Table 6.4: Number of Private Contractor
Civil Engineers and Value of Work Done (£m), 1993-1998
- Table 6.5: Private Contractor Civil
Engineers by Number of Employees, 1996-1998
- Table 6.6: Value of Work Done by Private
Contractor Civil Engineers by Number of Employees (£m), 1996-1998
- Table 6.7: Employment of Private Contractor
Civil Engineers in the Industrial Sector by Type of Employee (000 companies),
1996-1998
- Table 6.8: The Leading Industrial Contracts
Awarded by Contractor (£m), September 1999
- Table 6.9: New Orders Received by
Contractors for the Industrial Sector at Current Prices (£m),
1993-1999
- Table 6.10: Forecast Contractors' Output of
New Industrial Work for the Private Sector at Constant 1995 Prices (£m),
1999-2003
- Commercial Construction
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- MARKET POSITION
- KEY TRENDS
- MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- BUYING BEHAVIOUR
- FORECAST 1999 TO 2003
- Table 7.1: Commercial Construction Sector -
Economic and Market Position of New Works at Current Prices (£m),
1994-1999
- Table 7.2: Value of Contractors' Output in
New Private Commercial/Public Non-Housing Sector at Current Prices (£m),
1993-1999
- Table 7.3: Number of Private Contractor
Builders and Civil Engineers and Value of Work Done (£m), 1993-1998
- Table 7.4: Private Contractor Builders and
Civil Engineers by Number of Employees, 1996-1998
- Table 7.5: Value of Work Done by Private
Contractor Builders and Civil Engineers by Number of Employees (£m),
1996-1998
- Table 7.6: Employment of Private Contractor
Builders and Civil Engineers by Type of Employee (000 companies), 1996-1998
- Table 7.7: Leading Commercial Contracts
Awarded by Contractor (£m), September 1999
- Table 7.8: New Orders Received by Private
Contractors for Commercial and Public Non-Housing Sector at Current Prices
(£m), 1993-1999
- Table 7.9: Forecast Contractors' Output for
the Private Commercial Sector by Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1999-2003
- Building Materials
- INTRODUCTION
- ORGANISATIONS
- KEY TRENDS
- MARKET SIZE AND SEGMENTATION
- INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
- MAJOR PLAYERS
- INDIVIDUAL MANUFACTURERS
- BUYING BEHAVIOUR
- FORECAST 1999 TO 2003
- Table 8.1: Sales of Sand and Gravel in Great
Britain (000 tonnes), 1993-1999
- Table 8.2: Apparent UK Market for Sand and
Gravel (000 tonnes and £m), 1994-1999
- Table 8.3: Production of Bricks by UK
Manufacturers by Volume (million units), 1994-1999
- Table 8.4: Apparent UK Market for Bricks at
Current Prices (£m and million units), 1994-1998
- Table 8.5: Production, Deliveries, Stocks
and Apparent UK Market for Concrete Roofing Tiles (000 square metres of roof
and £m), 1994-1999
- Table 8.6: Apparent UK Market For Clay
Roofing TilesÅ (£m), 1994-1998
- Table 8.7: Cement Production, Deliveries and
Apparent UK Market (000 tonnes and £m), 1994-1999
- Table 8.8: Deliveries of Ready-Mixed
Concrete (000 cubic metres and £m), 1994-1999
- Table 8.9: Production, Deliveries and Stocks
of Concrete Building Blocks (000 square metres), 1993-1999
- Table 8.10: Apparent UK Market for Concrete
Building Blocks (000 square metres and £m), 1994-1999
- Table 8.11: Apparent UK Market for Supply of
Structural Steel Products (000 tonnes and £m), 1993-1998
- Table 8.12: Supply of Steel Products to the
UK Construction Industry by Product Type (000 tonnes and percent), 1998
- Table 8.13: Apparent UK Market for Sawn and
Laminated Wood (£m), 1994-1999
- Table 8.14: Apparent UK Market for Builders'
Carpentry and Joinery (£m), 1994-1999
- Table 8.15: Building Materials
Producers/Manufacturers - Number of VAT-Based Enterprises by Employment Size
(£000), 1998
- Table 8.16: Building Materials
Producers/Manufacturers - Number of VAT-Based Enterprises by Employment Size
(number of employees), 1998
- Table 8.17: Construction Materials
Distributors in the Building Materials Sector by Turnover Size (£000),
1998
- Table 8.18: Leading UK Brick and Tile
Companies by Turnover (£m), 1997/1999
- Table 8.19: Output of the Construction
Industry by Main Sectors at Current Prices (£m), 1993-1999
- Table 8.20: Builders' Merchants Sales in the
Last 12 Months ( percent), Year to July 1999
- Table 8.21: Forecast of Apparent UK Market
for Selected Building Materials at Current Prices (£m), 1999-2003
- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and
Threats (SWOT)
- STRENGTHS
- WEAKNESSES
- OPPORTUNITIES
- THREATS
- The Future
- INTRODUCTION
- FORECAST 1999 TO 2003
- Table 10.1: Volume of New Orders Obtained by
Contractors by Type of Work at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1998 and
1999
- Table 10.2: Forecast Output of the
Construction Industry at Constant 1995 Prices (£m), 1999-2003
- Further Sources
- ASSOCIATIONS
- PERIODICALS
- DIRECTORIES
- GENERAL SOURCES
- HOPPENDSTEDT BONNIER INFORMATION SOURCES
- GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
- OTHER SOURCES
Text © 1997
Key Note
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