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Table of Contents

Executive Summary

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary

Market Overview

MARKET DEFINITION

INTRODUCTION

INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

PEST ANALYSIS

MARKET SIZE

KEY TRENDS

A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

Table 1.1: Employment in the Energy Industries (000 employees and percent), 1980, 1990 and 1996

Table 1.2: Estimated Value of Energy Purchases (£m), 1992-1997

Table 1.3: Final Consumers' Expenditure on Energy by Final Users (£m), 1996

Table 1.4: Final Consumers' Expenditure on Energy by Fuel Type (£m), 1996

Table 1.5: Household Expenditure on Energy at Current Prices (£m), 1996

Table 1.6: Production of Primary Fuels (million tonnes of oil equivalent), 1970-1997

Table 1.7: Production and Consumption of Primary Fuels (million tonnes of oil equivalent), 1997

Table 1.8: Final Energy Consumption by Users ( percent), 1996

Table 1.9: Final Consumption by Fuel ( percent), 1996

Table 1.10: Industrial Fuel Prices (pence per kilowatt hour), 1991-1996

Key Note Trade Research

INTRODUCTION

LIBERALISATION OF MARKETS

EFFECTS OF PRIVATISATION

PRESENCE OF FOREIGN OPERATORS

DIVERSIFICATION/JOINT VENTURE ACTIVITY

FUTURES OF THE ENERGY SECTORS

Competitor Analysis

PROFILES OF SOME LEADING COMPANIES

The Oil Industry

INTRODUCTION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

FORECASTS 1997 TO 2001

Table 4.1: Production of Oil and Associated Gas (000 tonnes), 1992-1996

Table 4.2: Production of Petroleum Products from Imported and Indigenous Crude (tonnes), 1996

Table 4.3: North Sea Crude Prices ($ per barrel), 1976-1997

Table 4.4: UK Deliveries into Consumption of Petroleum Products (000 tonnes), 1996 and 1997

Table 4.5: UK Petrol Retailing Sites (tonnes and million litres), 1987-1997

Table 4.6: Suppliers of Petrol to the Retail Market, 1997

Table 4.7: Number of Petrol Outlets at Supermarkets, 1997

Table 4.8: Annual Sales of Mineral Oil and Natural Gas from UK Sources (£m), 1992-1996

Table 4.9: Total Income from UK Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Production (£m), 1996 and 1997

Table 4.10: UK Exports of Crude Oil by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m), 1996

Table 4.11: UK Imports of Crude Oil by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m), 1996

Table 4.12: UK Exports of Refined Products by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m), 1996

Table 4.13: UK Imports of Refined Products by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m), 1996

Table 4.14: UK Refining Distillation Capacity (000 tonnes), 1996

Table 4.15: Forecast Oil Production by Volume (million tonnes), 1997-2001

Table 4.16: Forecast Capital Expenditure on Oil and Gas Production and Development (£m at 4th quarter 1995 prices), 1996-2000

Table 4.17: Forecast Capital Expenditure in the UK Refining Industry - Mean Estimate (£m at 4th quarter 1995 prices), 1996-2000

per barrel), 1976-1997

INTRODUCTION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

FORECASTS 1997 TO 2001

Table 5.1: UK Gas Production and Consumption (gigawatt hours), 1994-1996

Table 5.2: Analysis of Methane Consumption - Continental Shelf and Onshore Natural Gas (gigawatt hours), 1994-1996

Table 5.3: Gas Sales to Consumers (gigawatt hours), 1996

Table 5.4: Total Natural Gas Consumption (gigawatt hours), 1996 and 1997

Table 5.5: Net Selling Value of Gas (£m), 1996

Table 5.6: Industrial Gas Sales in Great Britain (gigawatt hours), 1996

Table 5.7: Commercial Gas Sales in Great Britain (gigawatt hours), 1996

Table 5.8: Imports and Exports of Natural Gas (gigawatt hours), 1992-1996

Table 5.10: Main Media Advertising Expenditure by Gas Companies (£000), Year to September 1996 and 1997

Table 5.11: Forecast Gas Production (billion cubic metres), 1997-2001

The Electricity Industry

INTRODUCTION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

FORECASTS 1997 TO 2001

Table 6.1: Primary Fuels by Market Share of Heat Supplied ( percent), 1990-1996

Table 6.2: Fuel Input for Electricity Generation (million tonnes of oil equivalent), 1989-1996

Table 6.3: UK Sales of Electricity (gigawatt hours), 1996

Table 6.4: Sales of Electricity to Consumers (terawatt hours), 1996 and 1997

Table 6.5: Value of UK Electricity Sales (£m), 1996

Table 6.6: Industrial Sector Sales from the Public Distribution System (gigawatt hours), 1996

Table 6.7: Service Sector Sales from the Public Distribution System (gigawatt hours and percent), 1996

Table 6.8: Estimated Market Shares in Industrial Electricity Markets - England and Wales ( percent), 1996/1997

Table 6.9: Shares of Electricity Generating Capacity ( percent), 1995/1996 and 1996/1997

Table 6.10: Ownership of Electricity Companies

Table 6.11: Main Media Advertising Expenditure by Electricity Companies (£000), Year to September 1996 and 1997

Table 6.12: Electricity Consumption by User Category (terawatt hours), 1992-1996

Table 6.13: Capital Expenditure by the Electricity Generating Industry (£m at 4th quarter 1995 prices), 1996-2000

The Nuclear Industry

INTRODUCTION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

FORECASTS 1996 TO 1999

Table 7.1: UK percentage Share Primary Fuels ( percent), 1986-1996

Table 7.2: The Nuclear Industry, 1996

Table 7.3: Forecast of Capital Expenditure Intentions by the Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Industry (£m at 4th quarter 1995 prices), 1996-1999

The Coal Industry

INTRODUCTION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

BUYING BEHAVIOUR

FUTURE PROSPECTS

Table 8.1: Coal Production (million tonnes), 1947-1996

Table 8.2: Supply and Consumption of Coal (000 tonnes), 1995 and 1996

Table 8.3: Purchases of Coal, Coke and Breeze by Sector by Value (£m), 1996

Table 8.4: Exports of Coal (000 tonnes, £m and £), 1994-1996

Table 8.5: Imports of Coal (000 tonnes, £m and £), 1994-1996

The Renewable Energy Industry

INTRODUCTION

KEY TRENDS

MARKET SIZE

MARKET STRUCTURE

MAJOR PLAYERS

RENEWABLE ENERGY FORECASTS

Table 9.1: Renewable Sources Used to Generate Electricity and Heat (000 tonnes of oil equivalent), 1994-1996

Table 9.2: Electricity Generated from Renewable Sources (gigawatt hours), 1996

Table 9.3: Combined Heat and Power Installations and Capacities (number of installations and megawatts), 1996

Table 9.4: Combined Heat and Power Usage by Sector (kilowatts electrical, megawatts thermal and gigawatt hours), 1996

Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)

STRENGTHS

WEAKNESSES

OPPORTUNITIES

THREATS

The Future

INTRODUCTION

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE

Table 11.1: Forecast Capital Expenditure by the Process Industries (£m at current and 4th quarter 1995 prices), 1996-2000

Table 11.2: Expenditure on Process Plant (£m at current and 4th quarter 1995 prices), 1996-2000

Further Sources

ASSOCIATIONS

PERIODICALS

DIRECTORIES

GENERAL SOURCES

HBI UK INFORMATION SOURCES

GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

OTHER SOURCES

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Market Restructuring

Major changes have occurred within the industry, resulting from privatisation which commenced in the late 1980s with the gas sector, and was followed by similar moves in the electricity, coal and nuclear sectors. Oil resources had always been in private hands. The culmination of the procedure will take place in 1998, with the complete liberalisation of the electricity and gas markets. Privatisation has provided the impetus for competition, resulting in major restructuring of the energy industries and the companies involved.
Whereas previously companies had concentrated their efforts and expertise in one sector of the market, they are now able to exploit other sectors. Thus regional electricity companies (RECs) and oil companies have set up subsidiaries to supply the gas market, while the previous monopoly gas supplier BG (formerly British Gas) aims to supply both electricity and gas to consumers. The Scottish generator, Scottish Hydro-Electric is active in the combined heat and power (CHP) market, while UK generator, National Power operates several wind farms. Oil companies BP and Shell each have interests in renewable energy.

Joint Ventures

Many organisations have seen the benefits of pooling their resources and expertise to set up joint ventures. Thus, within the oil industry's petrol retailing sector, an alliance has been formed between BP and Mobil; while the oil company Texaco has a joint venture with the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) supplier Calor Gas to supply gas to the domestic market. The feasibility of `clean coal' technology is being investigated by a consortium consisting of RJB Mining, Texaco and National Power.

Mergers and Acquisitions

A succession of bids, notably in the electricity sector where 11 of the 12 RECs are under new ownership, has also changed the nature and structure of the industry. Some of the acquisitions have been by foreign concerns, notably from the US, thus creating a much more international industry.

Multiutilities

Competition has provided the opportunity for companies to supply several utilities to the same consumers. Thus, Scottish Power supplies electricity, gas and water in the UK. Hyder, a group formed from the REC Swalec and Welsh Water, supplies electricity and water to consumers in Wales.
The market has responded positively to these changes. The future should provide greater opportunities in Europe and overseas, resulting from the increasingly global nature of the energy market. The multisector and joint venture approaches should provide a competitive driving force to stimulate a strong market with good commercial rewards.

Text © 1998 Key Note

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