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KN40024 KEY NOTE THE ENERGY INDUSTRY IN THE UK DECEMBER 1994

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary
Introduction
THE ENERGY INDUSTRY
The Energy Industry
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
INDUSTRY SUPPLIERS
TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
FUTURE PROSPECTS
Table 2.1: Production of Primary Fuels (000 tonnes of oil equivalent), 1970-1993
Table 2.2: Production and Consumption of Primary Fuels (million tonnes of oil equivalent), 1993
Table 2.3: Final Energy Consumption by User ( percent), 1993
Table 2.4: Final Consumption by Fuel ( percent), 1993
Table 2.5: Expenditure on Energy by Final Users (£m), 1993
Table 2.6: Expenditure by Fuel - Final Consumers (£m), 1993
Table 2.7: Expenditure on Energy by Households at Current Prices (£m), 1993
Table 2.8: Industrial Fuel Prices (pence per kilowatt hour), 1989-1993
Table 2.9: Forecast of Capital Expenditure by the Process Industries at Current and Fourth Quarter 1992 Prices (£m), 1992-1997
Table 2.10: Expenditure on Process Plant at Current and Fourth Quarter 1992 Prices (£m), 1992-1997
The Oil Industry
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
INDUSTRY SUPPLY
OIL CONSUMPTION
MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
FUTURE PROSPECTS
Table 3.1: Oil Production and Demand (million tonnes), 1975-1993
Table 3.2: North Sea Crude Prices (US$ per barrel), 1976-1994
Table 3.3: Total Exploration Expenditure on Oil and Gas (£m money of the day), 1983-1993
Table 3.4: Operating and Development Expenditure on Oil Fields (£m), 1983-1993
Table 3.5: Refining Distillation Capacity (000 tonnes), 1993
Table 3.6: Production of Petroleum Products from Imported and Indigenous Crude (tonnes), 1992 and 1993
Table 3.7: UK Petrol Sites, 1984-1993
Table 3.8: Suppliers of Petrol to the Retail Market, End of 1993
Table 3.9: Hypermarket/Supermarket Sites Retailing Petrol and Derv, 1993
Table 3.10: Number of Sites Retailing Petrol and Derv, 1984-1993
Table 3.11: Average UK Retail Prices for Petrol and Derv (pence per litre and duty), 1993 and 1994
Table 3.12: UK Deliveries into Consumption of Petroleum Products (tonnes), 1992 and 1993
Table 3.13: Petrol and Derv Deliveries to Retail and Commercial Consumers (tonnes), 1993
Table 3.14: Annual Sales of Mineral Oil and Natural Gas from UK Sources (£m), 1988-1993
Table 3.15: UK Exports of Crude Oil by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m), 1991-1993
Table 3.16: UK Imports of Crude Oil by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m), 1991-1993
Table 3.17: UK Exports of Refined Petroleum Products by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m) 1991-1993
Table 3.18: UK Imports of Refined Petroleum Products by Volume and Value (000 tonnes and £m), 1991-1993
Table 3.19: Forecasts for Petroleum Production by Volume (million tonnes), 1994-1998
Table 3.20: Total Forecast of Capital Expenditure on Current and Future Developments - High Estimates (£m at fourth quarter 1992 prices), 1991-1997
Table 3.21: Forecast of Expenditure on Process Plant and Equipment for Petroleum and Natural Gas Developments (£m at fourth quarter 1992 prices), 1993-1997
Table 3.22: Forecast of Capital Expenditure and Process Plant Expenditure for UK Petroleum Refining - Mean Estimate (£m at fourth quarter 1992 prices),1993-1997
per barrel), 1976-1997
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
INDUSTRY SUPPLY
MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
FUTURE PROSPECTS
Table 4.1: UK Natural Gas Production and Demand (million tonnes of oil equivalent), 1978-1993
Table 4.2: Indigenous Gas Production (billion cubic metres), 1991-1993
Table 4.3: UK Gas Production and Consumption (gigawatt hours), 1991-1993
Table 4.4: North Sea and Onshore Natural Gas Consumption by Fuel Producers and Final Users (gigawatt hours), 1991-1993
Table 4.5: Industrial Gas Sales Great Britain (gigawatt hours), 1993
Table 4.6: Commercial Gas Sales Great Britain (gigawatt hours), 1993
Table 4.7: Forecasts for Gas Production (billion cubic metres), 1994-1998
The Electricity Industry
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION
INDUSTRY SUPPLY
MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
FUTURE PROSPECTS
Table 5.1: UK percentage Share of Primary Fuels (heat supplied basis), 1984-1993
Table 5.2: Electricity Consumption (terawatt hours), 1975-1993
Table 5.3: Electricity Supplied (gigawatt hours), 1991-1993
Table 5.4: Fuel Input for Electricity Generation (million tonnes of oil equivalent), 1970-1993
Table 5.5: UK Sales of Electricity (gigawatt hours), 1991-1993
Table 5.6: Value of UK Electricity Sales (£m), 1991-1993
Table 5.7: Industrial Sector Sales from Public Distribution System (gigawatt hours), 1993
Table 5.8: Service Sector Sales from Public Distribution System (gigawatt hours and percent), 1993
Table 5.9: Forecast of Capital Expenditure by the Electricity Generating Industry at Fourth Quarter 1992 Prices (£m), 1993-1997
The Nuclear Energy Industry
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
NUCLEAR CONSUMPTION
INDUSTRY SUPPLY
MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
FUTURE PROSPECTS
Table 6.1: Consumption of Nuclear Energy (million tonnes of oil equivalent), 1983-1993
Table 6.2: UK percentage Share Primary Fuels (heat supplied basis), 1983-1993
Table 6.3: EC Nuclear Net Production (million kilowatt hours), 1993
Table 6.4: Estimates of Total and Nuclear Electricity Generation EU Countries (net terawatt hours), 1993 and 2000
Table 6.5: Estimates of Total and Nuclear Electricity Capacity EU Countries (net gigawatts), 1993 and 2000
Table 6.6: Status of Nuclear Power Plants EU Countries (net gigawatts), 1993
The Coal Industry
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
COAL CONSUMPTION
INDUSTRY SUPPLY
MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS
RECENT DEVELOPMENT
FUTURE PROSPECTS
Table 7.1: National Coal Board and British Coal Corporation Statistics, 1947-1993/1994
Table 7.2: Supply and Consumption of Coal (000 tonnes), 1991-1993
Table 7.3: British Coal Corporation Sales (million tonnes), 1992/1993 and 1993/1994
Table 7.4: British Coal Deep Mined Sales (000 tonnes), 1992-1994
Table 7.5: Saleable Output and Value of Production (million tonnes, £m and £), 1993 and 1994
Table 7.6: Exports of Coal (000 tonnes), 1991-1993
Table 7.7: UK Imports of Coal (000 tonnes), 1993
The Renewable Energy Industry
INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
SOLAR ENERGY
WIND ENERGY
BIOFUELS
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER (CHP)
Table 8.1: Renewable Resources Used to Generate Electricity and Heat (000 tonnes of oil equivalent), 1991-1993
Table 8.2: Electricity Generated from Renewable Sources (gigawatt hours), 1993
Table 8.3: Combined Heat and Power Installations and Capacities, 1993
Table 8.4: Combined Heat and Power Usage by Sector, 1993
Key Note Industry Forum
THE TOTAL ENERGY INDUSTRY
INDIVIDUAL FUELS
Glossary
Further Sources
ASSOCIATIONS
PERIODICALS
DIRECTORIES
GENERAL SOURCES
ICC INFORMATION SOURCES
ICC INFORMATION GROUP LTD
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS
OTHER SOURCES

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The UK, with its abundance of oil, gas and coal has a wealth of indigenous energy resources. In its position as one of the most energy-rich countries in Europe, it is uniquely placed to profit from a strong energy market.

Expenditure on energy by final users amounts to some £53bn per year. UK householders spend over £26bn on energy products, representing 6.5 percent of total consumers' expenditure.

The industry includes:

. Oil -- a major export commodity, which provides petroleum products crucial to the transport sector.
. Natural gas -- which is of rapidly-growing importance in the electricity generation sector.
. Electricity -- which accounts for 30 percent of householders' expenditure on energy products.
. Nuclear energy -- which provides a spin-off market in technology and services.
. Coal -- for which there are plentiful reserves, but a declining market.
. Renewables -- such as wind, solar and biofuels, now providing good potential commercial opportunities.

Recent major changes in the industry have been dominated by the move towards privatisation. Gas and electricity, already established in the private sector, are enjoying growing competition, closely followed by coal where the sale into private hands should be completed by the end of 1994. The nuclear industry is still under review, although the commercial sectors of it are also being prepared for sale. These changes, along with environmental considerations and European policy, are key influential factors in how the market is developing.

One of the main areas of change is in electricity generation, where the building of new combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power stations is increasing the share of gas usage as a power-generating fuel.

The emphasis for energy requirements in the future may well be different from the current scene. However, the new competitive driving force should serve to retain and stimulate the strong market, and to provide good commercial opportunities.

Text © 1994 Key Note

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