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Worldwide Business Information and Market Reports
Telephone +44 1404 891528 Fax +44 1404 891717 Email reportfinder @ tiscali.co.uk
ISBN 1-84168-189-X
edited by Emma Wiggin
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This report covers: clothing, footwear, women's outer wear, underwear, hosiery, knitwear, hats, accessories, men's outer wear, girls' clothing, infants' clothing, sports brands, designer brands, retail outlets, trousers, jeans, shorts, blouses, skirts, suits, jackets, ensembles, nightwear, waterproof jackets, dresses, babywear, foundation garments, hosiery, shirts, pyjamas, socks, vests, T-shirts, sports wear, leisure wear, fleeces, tracksuits, polo shirts, football kit, golf, swimwear, wool, gloves, scarves, shawls, ties, handkerchiefs, running shoes, boots, soccer boots, sports shoes, trainers,
Companies covered include: Alexon Group, Coats Viyella, Courtaulds textiles, Dewhirst Group, William Baird, burberry, Dawson International, Delta Textiles, Levi Strauss, Martin International, SR Gent, Sherwood Group, Stirling Group, C&J Clark, R Griggs Group, Stylo, addidas, Nike, Pentland Group, Reebok International,
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Engine| INTRODUCTION |
| Although a basic requirement for human existence, clothing and footwear accounts for a declining share of consumer spending, both in the UK and other developed economies. |
| In 2000, UK consumers spent £34.15bn on clothing and footwear. Although this makes it a massive market, as a share of all consumer spending it has declined to 5.8 percent from 6.3 percent in 1996. |
| Products for women and girls constitute the largest market sector in general clothing, but sales of sports clothing are biased towards men and boys. |
| PRICE DEFLATION |
| The key trend in the clothing and footwear market in recent years has been the tendency for retail prices to fall during a period of generally low inflation in the UK. |
| Between 1996 and 2000, the UK’s all-items consumer price index rose by 10 percent, but clothing and footwear prices fell by 7 percent. Within this average for all clothing and footwear, some items maintained their market value better than others (e.g. sports clothing and accessories), but the largest market sector, women’s outer wear, saw prices decline by 16 percent over 5 years. |
| IMPORT PENETRATION |
| Intense competition in the High Street has contributed to the pricing pressures, but the principal cause has been a further shift to imports at a time when sterling is riding high on currency markets. Rising import penetration has been a major factor in the market for over 50 years, but the late 1990s brought substantial increases. |
| The higher imported share of the market has been driven by price competition, with low-cost labour a major factor. The use of cheap labour in clothing manufacture has always been a factor, but the 1990s saw production for global distribution shifting to even cheaper bases, sometimes involving sub-contracting by countries whose economies have developed beyond the low-cost stage. |
| Overall, the range of countries exporting to the UK is broader than ever, from traditional suppliers such as Hong Kong (for clothing) and Italy (for footwear), to newer bases such as Turkey, Morocco, Romania, Thailand and Indonesia. |
| CHANGES IN SHOPPING PATTERNS |
| Along with price deflation and rising imports, the late 1990s brought another profound change to this market, in terms of consumer preferences for shopping. |
| Since 1998, there has been a highly publicised decline at Marks & Spencer, which, despite still being the UK’s largest clothing retailer, has struggled to retain popularity with the younger generation of shoppers. Although Marks & Spencer has been given most of the media coverage there has, however, been a broader, underlying movement away from the general clothing outlet, selling broad ranges of unbranded (or own label) clothing for the whole family. |
| This movement led to the dramatic decision of C&A, a Dutch-owned group which was formerly one of the top clothing retailers in the UK, to quit the UK entirely in 2000. Other traditional general clothing retailers, such as the BhS and Littlewoods chains of department stores, have also had poor results. Even some of the largest fashion multiples have struggled against the combination of falling prices and demand for sports and designer brands. Sears — once the UK’s largest footwear retailer and a major owner of fashion stores — was broken up in the late 1990s, and restructuring is under way at Arcadia Group, the High Street market leader with 2,500 fashion shops (including Top Shop, Burton, Dorothy Perkins and Evans). |
| Some multiple retailers, such as Next and New Look, have managed to grow during a difficult period, but the fact that UK consumers are prepared to spread their shopping across a very wide range of outlets is illustrated in Key Note’s survey for this report. |
| Traditional outlets retain their appeal. It is notable in Key Note’s research that department stores, which have a long heritage in selling clothing and footwear (particularly branded clothing through in-store concessions), are used by almost three-quarters of adults, which is ten times more than the share gained so far by the Internet. |
| Online shopping will have to make significant strides to reach a position among even the top ten channels. Sports shops, such as the JJB chain, were the main outlets making gains during the 1990s. By the end of the decade, however, the ever-growing forces of grocery superstores were having the significant impact; an increasing proportion of general clothing for the family is now bought through Tesco, Sainsbury or ASDA, rather than through variety stores. |
| SHRINKAGE IN UK PRODUCTION CAPACITY |
| The increase in import penetration has made it impossible for many large-scale UK manufacturers to survive, even where they have set up factories or contracted some work to low-cost labour countries. Profitability has been hit by falling market share for UK factories, and even more so by the recent failure of clothing and footwear prices to keep up with the general level of price inflation in the economy. |
| The accelerated decline in the late 1990s was punctuated by regular announcements of factories being closed or large redundancies being made across UK clothing manufacturing. The UK's two largest clothing companies, Coats Viyella and Courtaulds Textiles, went through major restructuring. At Courtaulds, more than a dozen UK factories have either been closed or reduced in capacity in recent years, and the company was acquired by Sara Lee Corporation in 2000. At Coats Viyella, a world leader in making thread for sewing, many of the UK clothing subsidiaries (or their factories) have been either sold or closed down; production has been refocused on a few core brands such as Jaeger and Viyella. |
| The problems of import penetration and unprofitable pricing have been exacerbated by a change in policy at Marks & Spencer, which until recently sourced over 90 percent of its ‘St Michael’ own label — the only label sold in the stores — from UK factories. This policy change affected most major manufacturers, including Courtaulds Textiles and Coats Viyella. Smaller companies have suffered even more from Marks & Spencer’s loss of market share and its sourcing outside the UK, since they relied even more heavily on their Marks & Spencer contracts. Among the many long-established suppliers reliant on Marks & Spencer are William Baird, Dewhirst and SR Gent. |
| The footwear sector suffered from high and rising imports much earlier than most clothing sectors, and UK capacity was severely reduced by the mid-1990s. The two outstanding producers left, with production within and outside the UK, are both private companies: C&J Clark, and R Griggs Group. ‘Clarks’ is a general footwear producer and also the UK’s largest retailer of footwear, mainly through Clarks, K Shoes and Ravel outlets. The Griggs group of companies makes the famous Dr Marten brand of heavy shoes and boots which have crossed over from industrial use into fashion. |
| EXPORTING OPPORTUNITIES |
| Ironically, the period of rising import penetration has not necessarily deterred UK manufacturers as exporters, because the exporting comes mainly from smaller, specialised companies. |
| The export ratio of production reached its all-time peak in UK clothing in 2000, at 59 percent of the value of UK production. In footwear, exports peaked in the mid-1990s but are estimated to have stayed at around 50 percent in recent years, compared to 42 percent in 1993. |
| The specialist activities continue to thrive because they involved skilled workmanship and the production of famous, quality brands in clothing and footwear. Areas of strength include tailored shirts, accessories and safety footwear. |
| PREFERENCE FOR INTERNATIONAL BRANDS |
| Where UK companies have made progress in exporting, it is usually because they possess brands which are famous in other countries, particularly as luxury or specialised brands. |
| There has been an international trend towards buying clothing and footwear brands with sports or designer labels, and this factor has also undermined the retailers such as Marks & Spencer and C&A, which rely on the profit margins produced by selling only their own label. |
| A consumer survey for Key Note in 2001 found that the 'big three' sports wear brands had each been bought by a high proportion of UK adults in 2001: a 42 percent score for Nike, 41 percent for adidas and 38 percent for Reebok. Among younger age groups, penetration for these brands rose much higher; for example, 70 percent of 16 to 24 year-olds bought at least one Nike product in 2000. These brands are not usually bought for active sport, but as fashionable leisure wear. |
| The sports brands were the engine behind a move towards buying clothing by brand, rather than by store name, in the late 1990s. The young, affluent and fashion-conscious still appreciate sports-based brands but they have also moved on to buying designer brands from couture houses. Calvin Klein is the most successful example of a designer name which has crossed over into the mainstream, mainly by targeting the branded underwear market. The Key Note survey found that nearly a third of adults had bought a Calvin Klein product in 2000. |
| Many of the famous names which were once only associated with the catwalks at international fashion shows are now openly advertised in the UK media as general ranges of clothing and footwear at accessible prices. |
| MARKET PROSPECTS |
| UK manufacturing of clothing and footwear appears to be destined to dwindle down to a small fraction of its former size if current trends continue. Market potential will therefore come from the domestic retail market, although the current period of price deflation does not augur well in the near future. Key Note forecasts a better period of growth than the 1996 to 2000 period, assuming that prices will firm up (against a background of higher inflation in the economy generally). |
| Apart from the pricing issue, the major underlying trends affecting the apparel markets in the next few years will be extensions of the important changes which started to impact in the late 1990s: |
| · The ongoing trend towards more casual dress being acceptable, even in the workplace (‘dressing down’). |
| · Demand for quality, branded casual clothing and footwear, offsetting the danger of dressing-down leading to scruffiness. |
| · Adaptation of materials technology for sports and leisure wear and footwear. |
| Changes in the retailing structure, where there will be more emphasis on stores which sell specifically manufacturer-branded ranges (including designer labels and sports brands), together with more family clothing being bought from superstores |
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| Executive Summary | 1 |
| INTRODUCTION | 1 |
| PRICE DEFLATION | 1 |
| IMPORT PENETRATION | 1 |
| CHANGES IN SHOPPING PATTERNS | 2 |
| SHRINKAGE IN UK PRODUCTION CAPACITY | 2 |
| EXPORTING OPPORTUNITIES | 3 |
| PREFERENCE FOR INTERNATIONAL BRANDS | 4 |
| MARKET PROSPECTS | 4 |
| 1. Market Overview | 7 |
| INTRODUCTION | 7 |
| Clothing Definitions | 7 |
| Footwear Definitions | 8 |
| Information Sources and Trade Associations | 8 |
| Government Sources | 8 |
| Commercial Sources | 8 |
| British Apparel & Textiles Confederation | 8 |
| Other Trade Associations | 8 |
| INDUSTRY STRUCTURE | 9 |
| Table 1.1: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises Engaged in the Manufacture of Clothing and Footwear by Turnover Sizeband (number of enterprises and percent), 1998 and 2000 | 10 |
| Table 1.2: Number of VAT-Based Enterprises Engaged in the Manufacture of Clothing and Footwear by Sector by Turnover Sizeband (number of enterprises and percent), 2000 | 11 |
| Table 1.3: Number of VAT-Based Local Units Engaged in the Manufacture of Clothing by Sector by Employment Sizeband (number of local units), 2000 | 12 |
| OUTPUT AND EMPLOYMENT | 13 |
| Table 1.4: Indices of Industrial Production (index 1995=100), 1995-2000 | 13 |
| Table 1.5: UK Manufacturers’ Sales of Clothing by Garment Type (£m and percent), 1995-1999 | 14 |
| Employment in Manufacturing | 14 |
| Table 1.6: Indices of Employment in Manufacturing (index 1995=100), 1995-2000 | 15 |
| Table 1.7: Number of Employees in the Clothing and Footwear Industries (000), 1995-2000 | 15 |
| PEST ANALYSIS | 16 |
| Political Factors | 16 |
| Economic Factors | 17 |
| Social Factors | 17 |
| Technological Factors | 17 |
| THE TOTAL MARKET | 18 |
| Table 1.8: The Total UK Clothing and Footwear Market by Value at Current and Constant 1994 Prices (£m at rsp), 1994-2000 | 18 |
| MARKET SEGMENTATION | 19 |
| Table 1.9: The UK Clothing and Footwear Market by Sector by Value at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 1996-2000 | 19 |
| KEY TRENDS | 20 |
| Price Deflation | 20 |
| Table 1.10: Retail Price Indices for Clothing and Footwear (index 1996=100), 1996-2000 | 21 |
| Import Penetration | 21 |
| Demand for Designer Labels | 21 |
| Table 1.11: Main Media Advertising Expenditure by Clothing and Footwear Manufacturers and Retailers (£m), Year to December 2000 | 22 |
| Demand for Branded Clothing and Footwear | 24 |
| Retailing Fragmentation | 24 |
| Table 1.12: Leading Multiples Selling Clothing and Footwear (number of outlets), 2001 | 25 |
| GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE | 27 |
| Table 1.13: Imports and Exports of Clothing and Footwear (£m), 1993-2000 | 27 |
| Table 1.14: Import and Export Ratios for UK Clothing and Footwear ( percent), 1993-2000 | 27 |
| 2. Key Note Consumer Research | 31 |
| INTRODUCTION | 31 |
| BRAND PENETRATION | 31 |
| Table 2.1: Penetration of Clothing and Footwear Brands ( percent of adults), 1999 and 2001 | 32 |
| Demographic Analysis of Brand Penetration | 33 |
| Sports Brands | 33 |
| Table 2.2: The Penetration of the Top Three Sports Brands by Sex, Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of adults), 2001 | 33 |
| Designer Brands | 35 |
| Table 2.3: The Penetration of Designer Brands by Age, Sex, Social Grade and Region ( percent of adults), 2001 | 35 |
| Other Clothing Brands | 37 |
| Table 2.4: Other Clothing Brands by Sex, Age, Social Grade and Region ( percent of adults), 2001 | 37 |
| RETAIL OUTLETS FOR CLOTHING AND FOOTWEAR | 39 |
| Table 2.5: Retail Outlets Used for Buying Clothing and Footwear ( percent of adults), 2001 | 40 |
| Use of Retail Outlets by Age | 40 |
| Table 2.6: Use of Retail Outlets by Age ( percent of adults), 2001 | 41 |
| Use of Retail Outlets by Social Grade | 42 |
| Table 2.7: The Use of Retail Outlets by Social Grade ( percent of adults), 2001 | 42 |
| Use of Retail Outlets by Region | 43 |
| Table 2.8: The Use of Retail Outlets by Region ( percent of adults), 2001 | 43 |
| 3. Competitor Analysis | 45 |
| INTRODUCTION | 45 |
| GENERAL CLOTHING MANUFACTURERS | 45 |
| Table 3.1: Selected Leading UK Clothing Manufacturers by Turnover (£m), 1999/2000 | 46 |
| Alexon Group PLC | 47 |
| Coats Viyella PLC | 47 |
| Courtaulds Textiles Ltd | 48 |
| Dewhirst Group PLC | 49 |
| William Baird PLC | 49 |
| Other Clothing Manufacturers | 50 |
| Burberry Ltd | 50 |
| Dawson International PLC | 50 |
| Delta Textiles (London) Ltd | 50 |
| Levi Strauss Incorporated | 50 |
| Martin International Holdings PLC | 50 |
| SR Gent PLC | 51 |
| Sherwood Group PLC | 51 |
| Stirling Group PLC | 51 |
| FOOTWEAR MANUFACTURERS | 51 |
| Table 3.2: Selected Leading UK Footwear Manufacturers by Turnover (£m), 1999/2000 | 51 |
| C&J Clark Ltd | 52 |
| R Griggs Group Ltd | 52 |
| Stylo PLC | 53 |
| SPORTS AND LEISURE WEAR MANUFACTURERS | 53 |
| Table 3.3: Leading UK Sports and Leisure Wear Manufacturers by Turnover (£m), 1999/2000 | 53 |
| adidas (UK) Ltd | 54 |
| Nike (UK) Ltd | 55 |
| Pentland Group PLC | 55 |
| Reebok International Ltd | 56 |
| 4. Women’s, Girls’ and Infants’ Clothing | 57 |
| INTRODUCTION | 57 |
| KEY TRENDS | 57 |
| Fashion Trends | 57 |
| Change in Retailing Patterns | 58 |
| Rise of Couture Houses and Designer Brands | 58 |
| Demographic Trends | 58 |
| MARKET SIZE | 58 |
| Table 4.1: The UK Women’s, Girls’ and Infants’ Clothing Market by Value at Current and Constant 1996 Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 1996-2000 | 59 |
| Table 4.2: Retail Price Indices for Women’s and Children’s Outer Wear (index 1996=100), 1996-2000 | 59 |
| Table 4.3: The UK Women’s, Girls’ and Infants’ Clothing Market by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 2000 | 60 |
| SUPPLY STRUCTURE | 61 |
| UK Production | 61 |
| Table 4.4: Womenswear Production in the UK (£m at msp), 1995-1999 | 62 |
| Overseas Trade | 62 |
| Imports | 62 |
| Table 4.5: Imports of Women’s Clothing by Type of Garment (£m and percent), 1994, 1998 and 1999 | 63 |
| Table 4.6: Leading Origins of Women’s Clothing by Type of Garment (£m), 2000 | 64 |
| Exports | 65 |
| Table 4.7: Exports of Women’s, Girls’ and Infants’ Clothing (£m), 1994, 1998 and 1999 | 65 |
| Retail Distribution | 66 |
| Table 4.8: Place of Purchase of Women’s and Children’s Clothing by Value ( percent), 1997 and 2000 | 66 |
| Table 4.9: Retail Outlets Used to Buy Clothing or Footwear ( percent of adults), 2001 | 67 |
| Table 4.10: Leading Specialist Retailers of Women’s and Children’s Clothing (number of outlets), 2001 | 68 |
| Table 4.11: Leading Childrenswear Multiples by Number of Outlets, 2001 | 69 |
| MAJOR PLAYERS | 69 |
| Table 4.12: Selected Leading Womenswear Manufacturers by Turnover (£m), 1999/2000/2001 | 70 |
| Table 4.13: Brands of Clothing Bought by Women ( percent of women), 2001 | 72 |
| Figure 4.1: Brands of Clothing Bought by Women ( percent of women), 2001 | 73 |
| ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION | 74 |
| Table 4.14: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Women’s Fashion Clothing (£000), Year toDecember 2000 | 74 |
| Table 4.15: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Underwear and Lingerie (£000), Year to December 2000 | 75 |
| Table 4.16: Other Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Clothing (£000), Year to December 2000 | 75 |
| BUYING BEHAVIOUR | 76 |
| Women’s Outer Wear Purchasing | 76 |
| Table 4.17: Women’s Purchases of Outer Wear by Volume in the Last 12 Months ( percent of women), 1998-2000 | 76 |
| Table 4.18: Women’s Spending on Outer Wear by Value in the Last 12 Months ( percent of women), 2000 | 77 |
| The Purchase of Underwear | 77 |
| Table 4.19: Women’s Purchases of Underwear by Volume in the last 12 Months ( percent of women), 1998-2000 | 78 |
| Table 4.20: Women’s Spending on Underwear by Value in the Last 12 Months ( percent of women), 2000 | 78 |
| The Purchase of Hosiery | 79 |
| Table 4.21: Women’s Purchases of Hosiery by Age in the Last 12 Months ( percent of women), 1998 and 2000 | 79 |
| Other Purchasing by Women | 80 |
| FORECASTS 2001 TO 2005 | 80 |
| Table 4.22: The Forecast UK Women’s, Girls’ and Infants’ Clothing Market by Value at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 2001-2005 | 80 |
| 5. Men’s and Boys’ Clothing | 81 |
| INTRODUCTION | 81 |
| KEY TRENDS | 81 |
| The ’Dressing Down’ Trend | 81 |
| Retailing Trends | 81 |
| Brand Awareness | 82 |
| MARKET SIZE | 82 |
| Table 5.1: The UK Men’s and Boys’ Clothing Market by Value at Current and Constant 1996 Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 1996-2000 | 82 |
| Table 5.2: Retail Price Indices for Men’s and Children’s Outer Wear (index 1996=100), 1996-2000 | 83 |
| Table 5.3: The UK Men’s and Boys’ Clothing Market by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 2000 | 83 |
| SUPPLY STRUCTURE | 84 |
| UK Production | 84 |
| Table 5.4: Menswear Production in the UK (£m at msp), 1995-1999 | 84 |
| Imports | 84 |
| Table 5.5: Imports of Men’s Clothing by Type of Garment (£m), 1994, 1998 and 1999 | 85 |
| Source of Imports | 85 |
| Table 5.6: Leading Origins of Men’s Clothing by Type of Garment (£m), 1999 | 86 |
| Exports | 86 |
| Table 5.7: Exports of Men’s and Boys’ Clothing (£m), 1994 and 1999 | 86 |
| Retail Distribution | 87 |
| Table 5.8: Place of Purchase of Men’s and Boys’ Clothing by Value ( percent), 1997 and 2000 | 87 |
| Table 5.9: Retail Outlets Used by Men to Buy Clothing or Footwear ( percent of adults), 2001 | 88 |
| Table 5.10: Leading Specialist Retailers of Men’s Clothing (number of outlets), 2001 | 89 |
| MAJOR PLAYERS | 90 |
| Table 5.11: Selected Leading Menswear Manufacturers by Turnover (£m), 1999/2000 | 90 |
| Table 5.12: Brands of Clothing Bought by Men ( percent of men), 2001 | 92 |
| Figure 5.1: Brands of Clothing Bought by Men ( percent of men), 2001 | 93 |
| ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION | 93 |
| Table 5.13: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Menswear (£000), Year to December 2000 | 94 |
| BUYING BEHAVIOUR | 94 |
| Table 5.14: The Purchase of Men’s Clothing by Volume in the Last 12 Months ( percent of men or women), 1998-2000 | 95 |
| Table 5.15: Spending on Men’s Clothing by Value in the Last 12 Months ( percent of men or women), 2000 | 96 |
| FORECASTS 2001 TO 2005 | 97 |
| Table 5.16: The Forecast UK Men’s and Boys’ Clothing Market by Value at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 2001-2005 | 98 |
| 6. Sports and Leisure Wear | 99 |
| INTRODUCTION | 99 |
| KEY TRENDS | 99 |
| Sports Participation | 99 |
| Sports Wear as a Fashion | 99 |
| Branded Clothing and Sports Retailers | 100 |
| Current Fashions | 100 |
| Table 6.1: The UK Sports Clothing Market by Sector by Value (£m and percent), 2000 | 101 |
| Figure 6.1: The UK Sports Clothing Market by Sector by Value ( percent), 2000 | 102 |
| MARKET SIZE | 103 |
| Table 6.2: The Total UK Sports and Leisure Wear Market by Value at Current and Constant 1996 Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 1996-2000 | 103 |
| Table 6.3: Sports and Leisure Wear in the Total UK Clothing Market by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 1995-2000 | 104 |
| SUPPLY STRUCTURE | 105 |
| UK Production | 105 |
| Imports | 105 |
| Table 6.4: Imports of T-Shirts and Selected Sports Clothing Items (£m), 1994, 1998 and 1999 | 105 |
| Exports | 106 |
| Retail Distribution | 107 |
| Table 6.5: Leading Specialist Retailers of Sports Clothing and Footwear (number of outlets), 2001 | 107 |
| MAJOR PLAYERS | 107 |
| Table 6.6: Brands of Clothing or Footwear Purchased ( percent of adults), 1999 and 2001 | 108 |
| Table 6.7: Leading UK Sports Wear Manufacturers by Turnover (£m), 1999/2000 | 109 |
| Hi-Tec Sports PLC | 110 |
| Umbro International Ltd | 110 |
| Other Companies | 110 |
| ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION | 111 |
| Table 6.8: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Sports Clothing and Leisure Wear (£000), Year to December 2000 | 111 |
| BUYING BEHAVIOUR | 112 |
| Table 6.9: The Purchase of Sports Clothing and Swimwear by Volume in the Last 12 Months ( percent of men or women), 1998-2000 | 112 |
| Table 6.10: The Purchase of Sports Clothing and Swimwear by Value in the Last 12 Months ( percent of men or women), 2000 | 113 |
| FORECASTS 2001 To 2005 | 113 |
| Table 6.11: The Forecast UK Sports Clothing Market by Value at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 2001-2005 | 114 |
| 7. Clothing Accessories | 115 |
| INTRODUCTION | 115 |
| KEY TRENDS | 115 |
| MARKET SIZE | 115 |
| Table 7.1: The Total UK Clothing Accessories Market at Current and Constant 1996 Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 1996-2000 | 116 |
| Table 7.2: Total UK Clothing Accessories Market as a percentage of the Total Clothing Market by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 1996-2000 | 117 |
| Table 7.3: The UK Clothing Accessories Market by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 2000 | 117 |
| SUPPLY STRUCTURE | 118 |
| UK Production | 118 |
| Imports | 119 |
| Table 7.4: Imports of Clothing Accessories by Value (£m and percent), 1999 | 119 |
| Exports | 119 |
| Retail Distribution | 120 |
| Table 7.5 Place of Purchase of Accessories by Value ( percent), 1997 and 2000 | 120 |
| MAJOR PLAYERS/ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION | 121 |
| BUYING BEHAVIOUR | 121 |
| Table 7.6: The Purchase of Handbags by Value in the Last 12 Months ( percent of women), 1993, 1998, 1999 and 2000 | 121 |
| FORECASTS 2001 TO 2005 | 122 |
| Table 7.7: The Forecast UK Clothing Accessories Market by Value at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 2001-2005 | 122 |
| 8. Footwear | 123 |
| INTRODUCTION | 123 |
| KEY TRENDS | 123 |
| Branded Footwear | 123 |
| Demise of British Shoe Corporation | 123 |
| Import Penetration | 124 |
| Fashion Trends | 124 |
| Sports Footwear | 124 |
| Table 8.1: The UK Sports Footwear Market by Sector by Value(£m at rsp and percent), 2000 | 125 |
| Figure 8.1: The UK Sports Footwear Market by Sector by Value ( percent), 2000 | 126 |
| MARKET SIZE | 126 |
| Table 8.2: The Total UK Footwear Market by Value at Current and Constant 1996 Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 1996-2000 | 127 |
| Table 8.3: The UK Footwear Market in Total Consumer Expenditure by Value at Current Prices (£bn at rsp, £m at rsp and percent), 1990-2000 | 128 |
| Table 8.4: The UK Footwear Market by Sector by Value (£m at rsp and percent), 2000 | 128 |
| Table 8.5: Family Expenditure on Footwear by Age of the Head of the Household (£ weekly and index all households=100), 2000 | 129 |
| SUPPLY STRUCTURE | 129 |
| UK Production | 129 |
| Imports | 130 |
| Table 8.6: Imports of Footwear by Country of Origin (£m and percent), 1994, 1998 and 1999 | 130 |
| Exports | 131 |
| Retail Distribution | 131 |
| Table 8.7: Place of Purchase of Footwear by Value ( percent), 1997 and 2000 | 131 |
| Table 8.8: Retail Distribution of Footwear by Type of Outlet by Value ( percent), 2000 | 132 |
| Figure 8.2: Retail Distribution of Footwear by Type of Outlet by Value ( percent), 2000 | 133 |
| Table 8.9: Leading Retailers Selling Footwear (number of outlets), 2001 | 134 |
| MAJOR PLAYERS | 135 |
| Table 8.10: Selected Leading Footwear Manufacturers by Turnover (£m), 1999/2000 | 135 |
| Airborne Footwear Ltd | 136 |
| The Shoe Studio Group Ltd | 136 |
| Other Companies | 136 |
| Sports Footwear Brands | 136 |
| ADVERTISING AND PROMOTION | 137 |
| Table 8.11: Main Media Advertising Expenditure on Footwear (£000), Year to December 2000 | 137 |
| BUYING BEHAVIOUR | 138 |
| Table 8.12: The Purchase of Footwear by Volume in the Last 12 Months ( percent of women or men), 1998-2000 | 139 |
| Table 8.13: Spending on Footwear by Value in the Last 12 Months ( percent of men or women), 2000 | 139 |
| FORECASTS 2001 TO 2005 | 140 |
| Table 8.14: The Forecast UK Footwear Market by Value at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 2001-2005 | 140 |
| 9. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats | 141 |
| STRENGTHS | 141 |
| WEAKNESSES | 141 |
| OPPORTUNITIES | 141 |
| THREATS | 142 |
| 10. The Future | 143 |
| MANUFACTURING PROSPECTS | 143 |
| RETAILING PROSPECTS | 144 |
| Marks & Spencer | 144 |
| High Street Retailers | 144 |
| MARKET PROSPECTS | 146 |
| FORECASTS 2001 TO 2005 | 146 |
| Table 10.1: The Forecast UK Clothing and Footwear Market by Value at Current Prices (£m at rsp and percent), 2001-2005 | 147 |
| 11. Further Sources | 149 |
| Associations | 149 |
| Periodicals | 151 |
| Directories | 152 |
| General Sources | 153 |
| Bonnier Information Sources | 154 |
| Government Publications | 155 |
| Other Sources | 156 |
| Understanding TGI Data | 159 |
| Number, Profile, Penetration | 159 |
| Social Grade | 160 |
| Standard Region | 160 |
| Key Note Research | 161 |
| The Key Note Range ofReports | 163 |
Text © 2001 Key Note
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Last updated by Jacob van Eldik 20th may 2001