| AM37004 |
| AMA Research Report : UK Waste Management Market : November 2004 |
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Introduction and Overview
| AMA Research has recently updated its ‘Waste Management Market Report – UK 2004’, a highly detailed study covering origins of waste arisings, collection and disposal services and an analysis of the waste management services market. |
| Over 120 pages and 40 charts and tables the report covers:- |
| The UK Waste Management Market - size, trends and key influences, analysis of market by value. |
| A Review of Waste Management Contractors - major players, company profiles and market shares and key trends, e.g. consolidation. |
| An Analysis of waste arisings by origin, by priority waste stream and by material – detailed analysis of ‘mixes’ and market trends. |
| A Review of waste collection, disposal and recovery - including commentary on current waste recovery and recycling initiatives. |
| External Influences – key legislation, government strategies and industry initiatives. |
| Future prospects – forecasts for the waste management industry, waste arisings, waste disposal and recovery. |
| Waste management has become a key issue in public sector & corporate strategy, driven by requirements to minimise waste levels, increase re-use & recycling rates & reduce landfill levels. The waste management industry is likely to continue to consolidate, underpinned by high development costs for new waste recovery facilities. |
| Areas of particular interest in the report include:- |
| Detailed analysis of waste arisings by origin, materials & end product streams. |
| Trends in waste collection & waste disposal by volume & value. |
| Competitor analysis – review of industry consolidation, market shares, profiles on top companies. |
| Key external influences and forecasts |
| Key areas of coverage in the report include:- |
| WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET |
| Overview of controlled waste management services market by value 1997 – 2003 with forecasts to 2007, key market drivers e.g. tax, legislation, investment costs. |
| Key Market Influences - demographic trends, consumption trends, etc. |
| CONTRACTORS REVIEW |
| Structure of supply – private contractors & local authority waste disposal companies (LAWDCs). |
| Market size and shares for top waste management companies. |
| Review of leading waste management companies & summary of leading local authority waste disposal companies (LAWDCs). |
| Key trends – market consolidation & analysis of changes in market shares |
| EXTERNAL INFLUENCES |
| UK waste strategies and government initiatives |
| The Waste & Resource Action Programme (WRAP) |
| PPP/PFI |
| Industry initiatives |
| WASTE ARISINGS |
| Detailed analysis of waste arisings by origin, i.e. agricultural, mining & quarrying, construction & demolition, commercial & industrial, municipal, sewage sludge. |
| Detailed analysis of solid waste arisings by end product; packaging, tyres, batteries, electrical and electronic equipment, end of life vehicles. Breakdowns of these waste streams by material type & disposal routes, focus on recovery & recycling rates. |
| Detailed analysis of waste arisings by material type e.g. paper & board, glass, plastics, metals, green waste, clinical waste, textiles, special/hazardous waste. Information includes breakdown of waste streams by application & disposal routes with focus on recovery & recycling rates. |
| WASTE COLLECTION & DISPOSAL |
| Waste collection services with focus on municipal waste collection – analysis of uplift by volume & value, service mix between DSOs & private contractors, mix between collection systems. |
| Waste disposal services. Analysis of landfill sector, focus on impact of legislation, mix of landfilled waste by origin and by materials type. Analysis of incineration projected capacity. Coverage of municipal waste disposal by route, mix between DSO & private contractor services. |
| Waste recovery. Analysis of incineration, composting and recycling. Current levels achieved, impact of legislation, barriers and opportunities. |
| FUTURE PROSPECTS |
| Forecast municipal, industrial, commercial & construction waste arisings. Underpinning growth factors e.g. new housing, rise in commercial construction, Government waste targets, Comprehensive Spending Review. |
| Future trends in waste arisings, disposal & recovery/recycling. |
| Further industry consolidation, move towards integrated service provision. |
Executive Summary
| The UK produces approximately 430 million tonnes of solid waste, comprising both controlled and uncontrolled waste. The major producers of waste are the construction and demolition, mining and quarrying and agricultural sectors. These sectors are also the most difficult from which to gather accurate data. |
| Controlled waste arisings totalled some 216m tonnes in 2001/2, an increase in levels seen in previous years. Controlled waste has historically been the focus of EU Directives and UK legislation. Within this sector, municipal/household waste typically receives the most attention from the UK Government and environmental groups, despite accounting for only 8% of total waste arisings |
| The growing volume of municipal waste is pushing up the costs of waste management. At current rates, the amount of municipal waste produced in England will double by 2020, and the costs of managing this waste stream, assuming no policy change, will double to £3.2 billion per annum from £1.6 billion. |
| Waste quantities in England are rising faster than growth in GDP and faster than in most other European countries. A range of economic and social factors lies behind this growth, for example, rising household incomes, changing lifestyles, advertising and the growth in sales of pre-packaged goods. |
| The waste management services market is currently valued at around £6.5bn, but projected by some commentators to grow to over £12 billion by 2012 and to £14bn by 2014. |
| If current estimates are to be believed, the waste management industry will grow 84% by value between 2004 and 2012. |
| The key piece of EU legislation to have a major impact on the UK’s waste management industry is the Landfill (England and Wales) Regulations, which came into force on 15 June 2002. Landfill has long been the preferred waste disposal option for waste management authorities and contractors due to its comparatively low cost relative to alternative routes, e.g. incineration and recovery. The introduction and increases in landfill tax/charges therefore are the major contribution to this market’s growth in terms of value. Government targets for the reduction of landfill, as set out in Waste Strategy 2000 are for: |
| Commercial/industrial waste entering landfill to be reduced to 85% of the volumes landfilled in 1995 by 2005, which will equate to around 36m tonnes. |
| The recovery of value of municipal waste by at least 40% in 2005, 45% in 2010 and 67% in 2015. This equates to a maximum of 60% of waste being landfilled in 2005, 55% by 2010 and 33% by 2015. |
| In tonnage terms this translates as 13,700,000 tonnes in 2010; 9,130,000 in 2013; and 6,390,000 by 2020. |
| The 2003/04 DEFRA survey shows a decrease in the proportion of municipal waste disposed of to landfill, from 77% in 2001/02 to 75% in 2002/03. And for the first time in recent years, the actual tonnage of waste being managed this way has also decreased, from 22.3 million tonnes to 22.0 million tonnes, a similar level to 1999/00. The amount of construction and demolition waste going to landfill has also reduced substantially, since the introduction of the tax. |
| Historically the burden of legislation has been borne by the waste disposal industry, but Producer Responsibility is becoming ever more important. The key Directives increasing producer responsibility are the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive; the End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) Directive; and the directive on Waste Electrical and Electrical Equipment (WEEE). |
| Biffa has overtaken SITA as the market leader with a 9% share of the UK waste management market. SITA is now in second place, followed by Cleanaway, Onyx, and the Waste Recycling Group. Over the last decade there has been considerable consolidation within the waste management industry, and this is continuing. Recent moves within the industry have seen Biffa acquire Hales Waste Control and RMC Environmental Services; Viridor Waste acquire Churngold Holdings and Thames Waste Management Limited; and Terra Firma Capital Partners Limited acquire Waste Recycling Group Plc and the Shanks Group’s UK landfill and related power operations. |
| Over the next few years, it is anticipated that there will be further consolidation, underpinned by the need for further integration of services and the high levels of investment needed to meet the various targets set out in the many EU Waste Directives. There is also likely to be an increase in the number of strategic partnerships seen in the industry. |
| Increased recycling and composting capacity is urgently required to cope with the anticipated additional waste passing though these disposal routes over the next decade, as well as investment in more advanced conversion technologies. However, these disposal and recycling facilities are only slowly coming on stream. Waste authorities are already complaining that their options for supporting advanced conversion technologies are limited because waste contractors are not yet offering these technologies as options within waste contract negotiations. |
| The UK’s current waste recovery and recycling rates are amongst the lowest in Northern Europe. However, Government initiatives and funding are encouraging local authorities to increase recycling and composting capacity in order to meet imminent targets. DEFRA have provided grant aid to various local authorities to motivate and support the introduction of new waste collection systems and greater levels of recycling. Levels of support from DEFRA have been significant with £114 million made available in 2003/04, £90m to be provided in 2004/05, and a further £45m in 2005/06. |
| The Government’s 2004 Spending Review promises: |
| More resources to enable businesses to improve their energy efficiency and to minimise waste; and |
| Increased investment for waste recycling. |
List of Contents
| 1 | INTRODUCTION |
| 2 | SUMMARY |
| 3 | ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT |
| 3.1 | GDP |
| 3.2 | INFLATION & INTEREST RATES |
| 3.3 | UNEMPLOYMENT |
| 3.4 | HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION |
| 3.5 | HOUSING & CONSTRUCTION |
| 3.6 | STERLING |
| 3.7 | POPULATION PROFILE |
| 3.8 | CONCLUSIONS |
| 4 | WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET |
| 4.1 | DEFINITION OF WASTE |
| 4.2 | CONTROLLED WASTE MARKET SIZE AND TRENDS |
| 4.2.1 | Data |
| 4.2.2 | The UK Controlled Waste Management Market |
| 4.2.3 | Key Influences |
| 4.3 | CONTRACTORS REVIEW |
| 4.3.1 | Overview |
| 4.3.2 | Major Private Waste Management Companies |
| 4.3.3 | Local Authority Waste Disposal Companies (LAWDCs) |
| 5 | EXTERNAL INFLUENCES |
| 5.1 | LEGISLATION |
| 5.1.1 | EU Legislation |
| 5.1.2 | UK National Legislation |
| 5.2. | UK WASTE STRATEGIES AND INITIATIVES |
| 5.2.1 | UK Waste Strategies |
| 5.2.2 | Government Initiatives |
| 5.2.3 | The Waste and Resources Action Programme (WRAP) |
| 5.2.4 | PPP/PFI |
| 5.2.5 | Taxes and Other Levies |
| 5.3 | INDUSTRY INITIATIVES |
| 6 | UK WASTE ARISINGS |
| 6.1 | WASTE ARISINGS BY ORIGIN |
| 6.1.1 | Agriculture Wastes and Pesticides |
| 6.1.2 | Mining & Quarrying |
| 6.1.3 | Construction & Demolition |
| 6.1.4 | Commercial & Industrial |
| 6.1.5 | Municipal Waste |
| 6.1.6 | Sewage Sludge |
| 6.2 | WASTE ARISINGS BY END PRODUCT |
| 6.2.1 | Packaging |
| 6.2.2 | Tyres |
| 6.2.3 | Batteries |
| 6.2.4 | Electrical & Electronic Equipment (EEE) |
| 6.2.5 | End of Life Vehicles (ELVs) |
| 6.3 | WASTE ARISINGS BY MATERIAL TYPE |
| 6.3.1. | Paper and Board |
| 6.3.2 | Glass |
| 6.3.3 | Plastics |
| 6.3.4 | Metals |
| 6.3.5 | Wood |
| 6.3.6 | ‘Green’ Waste |
| 6.3.7 | Clinical Waste |
| 6.3.8 | Textiles |
| 6.3.9 | Special/Hazardous Waste |
| 7 | WASTE COLLECTION, DISPOSAL, RECOVERY |
| 7.1 | OVERVIEW |
| 7.2 | WASTE COLLECTION |
| 7.3 | WASTE DISPOSAL |
| 7.3.1 | Landfill |
| 7.4 | WASTE RECOVERY |
| 7.4.1 | Incineration |
| 7.4.2 | Recycling |
| 7.4.3 | Composting |
| 8 | FUTURE PROSPECTS |
| 8.1 | THE WASTE MANAGEMENT INDUSTRY |
| 8.2 | WASTE ARISINGS |
| 8.3 | WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECOVERY |
Tables and Charts
| TABLE 1 | ESTIMATED WASTE ARISINGS BY ORIGIN |
| TABLE 2 | UK HOUSEHOLD WASTE ARISINGS AND COST OF DISPOSAL PROJECTED TO 2020 |
| CHART 3 | UK CONTROLLED WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET FORECAST BY VALUE £BN 2004-2014 |
| CHART 4 | INTEREST RATES AND INFLATION (CPI) FROM 1990-2006 |
| CHART 5 | PDI & SAVINGS RATIO AT CURRENT PRICES 1990-2006 |
| TABLE 6 | EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS 1997-2005 - THE POUND STERLING TO THE DOLLARS, AND THE ECU, SPOT RATES |
| CHART 7 | AGE DISTRIBUTION OF THE RESIDENT UK POPULATION 2001 (‘000) |
| TABLE 8 | UK CONTROLLED WASTE MANAGEMENT MARKET BY VALUE 1997-2007 |
| TABLE 9 | UK WASTE INDUSTRY: MARKET SIZE AND SHARE 2003 |
| CHART 10 | UK WASTE MANAGEMENT SERVICES MARKET - MARKET SHARES 2002/3 |
| TABLE 11 | PRINCIPAL LAWDCS IN ENGLAND 2003 (TURNOVER) |
| TABLE 12 | CURRENT EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES RELATING TO WASTE MANAGEMENT |
| TABLE 13 | PACKAGING RECOVERY AND RECYCLING BUSINESS TARGETS 2004-2007 (%) |
| TABLE 14 | MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF LANDFILL (IN TONNES) |
| TABLE 15 | WASTE PFI PROJECTS APPROVED TO AUGUST 2004 |
| CHART 16 | ESTIMATED ANNUAL WASTE ARISINGS BY SECTOR 2001/2 |
| CHART 17 | INDUSTRIAL WASTE |
| TABLE 18 | INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS |
| CHART 19 | UK MUNICIPAL WASTE ARISINGS BY SECTOR – 2002/2003 |
| TABLE 20 | TOTAL TONNAGE OF PACKAGING IN WASTE STREAM 2002, 2008 FORECAST (‘000 TONNES) |
| TABLE 21 | TARGET SCHEDULES FOR NATIONAL PACKAGING RECOVERY AND RECYCLING 2002 TO 2008 |
| TABLE 22 | ADDITIONAL RECYCLING REQUIRED BY PACKAGING MATERIAL |
| CHART 23 | ESTIMATED EUROPEAN TYRE DISPOSAL ROUTES 2004 |
| CHART 24 | CONSUMPTION OF PAPER AND BOARD 2003 BY USAGE % |
| TABLE 25 | PAPER PRODUCTION AND USAGE OF RECOVERED PAPER 2003 |
| TABLE 26 | ESTIMATED WASTE GLASS ARISINGS AND RECYCLING BY TYPE (2003) |
| CHART 27 | USE OF PLASTICS BY SECTOR UK 2001 |
| TABLE 28 | RECYCLED PROPORTION OF UK METALS CONSUMPTION (%) AND ENERGY SAVING % |
| CHART 29 | UK AVERAGE ANNUAL WOOD WASTE ARISINGS BY ORIGIN |
| TABLE 30 | SPECIAL WASTE ARISINGS ENGLAND & WALES MILLION TONNES 1998/99 – 2002 |
| TABLE 31 | INCOME AND EXPENDITURE BY WCAS, WDAS AND CWC & DAS 2002/03 |
| TABLE 32 | METHOD OF REFUSE COLLECTION ROUND WASTE CONTAINMENT, ENGLAND: 2000/01 TO 2001/02 |
| TABLE 33 | WASTE COLLECTION AUTHORITIES: NET COSTS OF SPECIFIC PROCESSES |
| TABLE 34 | TRENDS IN DISPOSAL METHODS |
| TABLE 35 | WASTE DISPOSAL AUTHORITIES: NET COSTS OF SPECIFIC PROCESSES 2001/01 AND 2002/03 WITH PERCENTAGE CHANGE |
| TABLE 36 | EU RECYCLING LEAGUE TABLE 2002 |
| TABLE 37 | UK SELECTED PRODUCTS AND RECYCLING RATES |
| CHART 38 | GROWTH IN MATERIAL COMPOSTED IN THE UK |
| TABLE 39 | FORECAST CONTROLLED WASTE ARISINGS IN THE UK 2003-2008 M TONNES. |
| TABLE 40 | PROJECTED MUNICIPAL WASTE ARISINGS, RECOVERY, RECYCLING & COMPOSTING AND ENERGY FROM WASTE RATES TO 2015 IN ENGLAND & WALES |
| TABLE 41 | FOUR OPTIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS |
Text © 2004 AMA Research
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Last updated by Amanda Porteous 2004
